Wave 1: Psychoanalysis Flashcards
Who developed the psychoanalytic approach?
Freud
What type of approach is psychoanalytic?
Modernist
What does this approach say about people?
biological and deterministic features influence behaviour including innate drives that have to do with sex and aggression or love and death
At what age does Freud argue an individual’s personality is fixed?
age 6
What constitutes the conscious mind?
rational reality awareness
What constitutes the unconscious mind?
Id-Superego conflicts, slips of tongue, symbolic content
What constitutes the preconscious mind?
habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of
What are the 3 models of personality?
- Id: Instincts or the child
- Ego: Reality or the adult
- Superego: Morality or the parent
What rules the Id?
the pleasure principle which seeks to reduce tension, avoid pain and gain pleasure
What is the original system of personality at birth?
Id
Where does Id sit in the mind?
is largely unconscious or out of awareness
What rules the Superego?
the moral principle that strives for perfections and good or bad and wrong or right idealistic thinking
What is the superego’s aim?
to inhibit the Id Impulses
What rules the Ego?
the reality principle
What does the Ego control for?
- controls consciousness and checks and controls impulses from the Id
- controls, governs and regulates personality
What is the first stage of psychosexual development?
Oral
What develops in the Oral stage?
- safety, love, fear, nurturing
- can later be related to mistrust/rejection, inability or fear of forming trusting relationships
What is the second stage of psychosexual development?
Anal (age 1-3)
What develops in the Anal stage?
relates to power, control, autonomy, learning, independence, express negative feelings, rage, aggression
What is the third stage of psychosexual development?
Phallic (age 3-6)
What develops in the Phallic stage?
relates to sexual attitudes, gender identification, parental attitudes to the child’s emerging sexuality (which influences adult life)
What is the fourth stage of psychosexual development?
Latent (age 6-12)
What develops in the Latent stage?
social skills, friends, social identity
What is the fifth stage of psychosexual development?
Genital (age 12+)
What develops in the Genital stage?
Core characteristics of mature adulthood, creative investment of sexual energies into relationships, caring for others, education, profession, art, music etc
What does psychosexual development focus on?
the satisfaction of sexual drives through erotogenic zones of the body
How do problems/anxieties arise in psychosexual development?
- reality anxiety - reaction to real threats from external environment
- moral anxiety - arising from potential violation of the individual conscious (superego, moral codes)
- Neurotic anxiety - generated when instinctual urges (Id) threaten to surface to levels of consciousness and pose a danger to Ego integrity
What are the ego defence mechanism types?
- projection
- reaction formation
- sublimation
- introjection
- compensation
- repression
- denial
- regression
- rationalisation
- identification
- displacement
What is projection?
attributing unacceptable behaviours to others
What is reaction formation?
expressing the opposite
What is sublimation?
diverting psychic energies into more acceptable channels
What is introjection?
internalising values from significant figures
What is compensation?
masking percieved weakness, making up for limitations in other areas (focussing on accomplishments rather than on weakness)
What is repression?
exclusion of awareness
What is denial?
denial or distortion of reality, fear of ego overwhelm
What is regression?
reverting to an earlier life stage
What is rationalisation?
finding reasons for explaining bruised ego
What is identification?
loss of personal identity
What is displacement?
shifting to a safer target
How does the psychosexual development approach support change?
- aims to release pent up or repressed emotions and memories in or to lead the client to catharsis or healing
- to bring what exists at the unconscious or subconscious level up ti consciousness
What are the therapeutic techniques of the psychosexual approach?
- free association
- dream analysis
- transference
- counter-transference
- resistance
- interpretation
What is free association?
the facilitation of uncensored revelations of client’s thoughts and feelings
What is dream analysis?
exploring the latent content of clients dreams
What is transference?
working through the clients personal reactions with the therapist
What is counter-transference?
therapists processing of his/her reactions to the clients
What is resistance?
evidence of clients avoidance to develop
What is interpretation?
therapist offering of deeper meanings and explanations to client revelations
What is the position of the therapist in psychosexual development?
expert
