Wave 1: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

Who developed the psychoanalytic approach?

Answer 1

Freud

Question 2

What type of approach is psychoanalytic?

Answer 2

Modernist

Question 3

What does this approach say about people?

Answer 3

biological and deterministic features influence behaviour including innate drives that have to do with sex and aggression or love and death

Question 4

At what age does Freud argue an individual’s personality is fixed?

Answer 4

age 6

Question 5

What constitutes the conscious mind?

Answer 5

rational reality awareness

Question 6

What constitutes the unconscious mind?

Answer 6

Id-Superego conflicts, slips of tongue, symbolic content

Question 7

What constitutes the preconscious mind?

Answer 7

habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of

Question 8

What are the 3 models of personality?

Answer 8

• Id: Instincts or the child
• Ego: Reality or the adult
• Superego: Morality or the parent

Question 9

What rules the Id?

Answer 9

the pleasure principle which seeks to reduce tension, avoid pain and gain pleasure

Question 10

What is the original system of personality at birth?

Answer 10

Id

Question 11

Where does Id sit in the mind?

Answer 11

is largely unconscious or out of awareness

Question 12

What rules the Superego?

Answer 12

the moral principle that strives for perfections and good or bad and wrong or right idealistic thinking

Question 13

What is the superego’s aim?

Answer 13

to inhibit the Id Impulses

Question 14

What rules the Ego?

Answer 14

the reality principle

Question 15

What does the Ego control for?

Answer 15

• controls consciousness and checks and controls impulses from the Id
• controls, governs and regulates personality

Question 16

What is the first stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 16

Oral

Question 17

What develops in the Oral stage?

Answer 17

• safety, love, fear, nurturing

- can later be related to mistrust/rejection, inability or fear of forming trusting relationships

Question 18

What is the second stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 18

Anal (age 1-3)

Question 19

What develops in the Anal stage?

Answer 19

relates to power, control, autonomy, learning, independence, express negative feelings, rage, aggression

Question 20

What is the third stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 20

Phallic (age 3-6)

Question 21

What develops in the Phallic stage?

Answer 21

relates to sexual attitudes, gender identification, parental attitudes to the child’s emerging sexuality (which influences adult life)

Question 22

What is the fourth stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 22

Latent (age 6-12)

Question 23

What develops in the Latent stage?

Answer 23

social skills, friends, social identity

Question 24

What is the fifth stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 24

Genital (age 12+)

Question 25

What develops in the Genital stage?

Answer 25

Core characteristics of mature adulthood, creative investment of sexual energies into relationships, caring for others, education, profession, art, music etc

Question 26

What does psychosexual development focus on?

Answer 26

the satisfaction of sexual drives through erotogenic zones of the body

Question 27

How do problems/anxieties arise in psychosexual development?

Answer 27

- reality anxiety - reaction to real threats from external environment - moral anxiety - arising from potential violation of the individual conscious (superego, moral codes) - Neurotic anxiety - generated when instinctual urges (Id) threaten to surface to levels of consciousness and pose a danger to Ego integrity

Question 28

What are the ego defence mechanism types?

Answer 28

- projection - reaction formation - sublimation - introjection - compensation - repression - denial - regression - rationalisation - identification - displacement

Question 29

What is projection?

Answer 29

attributing unacceptable behaviours to others

Question 30

What is reaction formation?

Answer 30

expressing the opposite

Question 31

What is sublimation?

Answer 31

diverting psychic energies into more acceptable channels

Question 32

What is introjection?

Answer 32

internalising values from significant figures

Question 33

What is compensation?

Answer 33

masking percieved weakness, making up for limitations in other areas (focussing on accomplishments rather than on weakness)

Question 34

What is repression?

Answer 34

exclusion of awareness

Question 35

What is denial?

Answer 35

denial or distortion of reality, fear of ego overwhelm

Question 36

What is regression?

Answer 36

reverting to an earlier life stage

Question 37

What is rationalisation?

Answer 37

finding reasons for explaining bruised ego

Question 38

What is identification?

Answer 38

loss of personal identity

Question 39

What is displacement?

Answer 39

shifting to a safer target

Question 40

How does the psychosexual development approach support change?

Answer 40

- aims to release pent up or repressed emotions and memories in or to lead the client to catharsis or healing - to bring what exists at the unconscious or subconscious level up ti consciousness

Question 41

What are the therapeutic techniques of the psychosexual approach?

Answer 41

- free association - dream analysis - transference - counter-transference - resistance - interpretation

Question 42

What is free association?

Answer 42

the facilitation of uncensored revelations of client's thoughts and feelings

Question 43

What is dream analysis?

Answer 43

exploring the latent content of clients dreams

Question 44

What is transference?

Answer 44

working through the clients personal reactions with the therapist

Question 45

What is counter-transference?

Answer 45

therapists processing of his/her reactions to the clients

Question 46

What is resistance?

Answer 46

evidence of clients avoidance to develop

Question 47

What is interpretation?

Answer 47

therapist offering of deeper meanings and explanations to client revelations

Question 48

What is the position of the therapist in psychosexual development?

Answer 48

expert