Wave 2: Existential & Humanistic Flashcards
Who developed Existentialism?
Frankl and Yalom
What type of approach is Existential?
Modernist
What type of approach is Humanistic?
Modernist
Who developed the Humanistic approach?
Carl Rodgers
How does Existential view people?
humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving and becoming; and making sense of our existence and continuously questioning ourselves, others and the world
What is Umwelt?
ourselves in relation to the physical world (being in nature) - welt = plants = nature
What is Mitwelt?
Social world (being-with-others) - mit = MIT Uni = technology = social
What is Eigenwelt?
how we reflect on own self (being for oneself) - Eigen = sounds like again = me again
What is Authenticity in Existentialism?
brings openness to nature, to others and ourselves
What are the existential anxieties?
- meaninglessness
- death
- freedom
- isolation
What is meaninglessness?
a man’s will to meaning, that allows him to endure the face of senseless suffering and pain - we must find meaning to the suffering
What is the existential vaccum?
is the abscence of meaning which will lead to anxiety, despair, depression, confusion
What is death anxiety?
- age 6-puberty children merely observe and model parental attitude
- teens emerges with force; games, reckless behaviour, horror movies
Mid-life crisis - death anxiety emerges once more
What are signs of death anxiety?
sexually acting out, unfaithfulness, self success sabotage, addictions, heroic acts
What is freedom anxiety?
confronts us with both the responsibilities and uncertainties of the outcomes of our choices
What is isolation anxiety?
the unbridgeable gap between oneself and any other being as we enter and depart existence alone
What is the central focus of existential therapy?
isolation anxiety
What are signs of isolation anxiety?
the constant searching for love, existing only in others eyes, enduring unsatisfactory relationships, compulsive sexuality, ultimate rescuer, putting others first
How does existentialism support change?
- assist clients in moving towards authenticity and engaging in action based on creating a worthy existence
- help clients reclaim and re-own their lives and be more present to themselves and others
Is existential therapy technique-orientated?
No
What does existential therapy believe creates change?
when the deepest part of self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client, the counselling process is at its best
What does the existential approach aim to recognise?
- transference point out and make a topic discussion
- resistance
What relationship is associated and used in Existentialism?
the I-Thou relationship
What is the I-Thou relationship?
we relate to eachother as authentic beings, without judgement or objectification and opposes the view of another as an object, completely outside of ourselves
What does the humanistic approach say about people?
believes that people are innately good and morality, ethical values and good intentions are the strongest driving forces in life; we behave as we do because of the way we perceive our situation
What is the position of the client in Humanistic?
as the expert
What is the goal of humanistic approaches?
self-actualisation
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (from bottom to top)
- physiological (food water sex sleep)
- safety (security of body, resources, family, health etc)
- love/belonging (friendship, family, sexual intimacy)
- esteem (self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect by others)
- Self-actualisation (morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice etc)
How do problems arise according to Humanistic therapy?
- the need for positive regard for the self as we begin to regard ourselves in the way that others view us
- some behaviours are regarding positively that are not actually satisfying vice versa
- conditions of worth - we can only see ourselves positively when we live within these conditions
- the more conditions the more problems - discrepancies in what we believe we want and what we actually want
What is an incongruent self?
- the self-image is different to the ideal self
- there is only a little overlap
- self-actualisation will be difficult
What is a congruent self?
- the self-image is similar to the ideal self
- more overlap
- this person can self-actualise
How does the humanistic approach support change?
- focus on the therapeutic relationship
- counsellor shows unconditional regard, congruency and empathy
Is humanistic therapy technique-orientated?
no
What is the therapeutic process of the humanistic approach?
- client sets own goals
- strong therapeutic relationship
