Wave 2: Existential & Humanistic

Question 1

Who developed Existentialism?

Answer 1

Frankl and Yalom

Question 2

What type of approach is Existential?

Answer 2

Modernist

Question 3

What type of approach is Humanistic?

Answer 3

Modernist

Question 4

Who developed the Humanistic approach?

Answer 4

Carl Rodgers

Question 5

How does Existential view people?

Answer 5

humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving and becoming; and making sense of our existence and continuously questioning ourselves, others and the world

Question 6

What is Umwelt?

Answer 6

ourselves in relation to the physical world (being in nature) - welt = plants = nature

Question 7

What is Mitwelt?

Answer 7

Social world (being-with-others) - mit = MIT Uni = technology = social

Question 8

What is Eigenwelt?

Answer 8

how we reflect on own self (being for oneself) - Eigen = sounds like again = me again

Question 9

What is Authenticity in Existentialism?

Answer 9

brings openness to nature, to others and ourselves

Question 10

What are the existential anxieties?

Answer 10

• meaninglessness
• death
• freedom
• isolation

Question 11

What is meaninglessness?

Answer 11

a man’s will to meaning, that allows him to endure the face of senseless suffering and pain - we must find meaning to the suffering

Question 12

What is the existential vaccum?

Answer 12

is the abscence of meaning which will lead to anxiety, despair, depression, confusion

Question 13

What is death anxiety?

Answer 13

• age 6-puberty children merely observe and model parental attitude
• teens emerges with force; games, reckless behaviour, horror movies
  Mid-life crisis - death anxiety emerges once more

Question 14

What are signs of death anxiety?

Answer 14

sexually acting out, unfaithfulness, self success sabotage, addictions, heroic acts

Question 15

What is freedom anxiety?

Answer 15

confronts us with both the responsibilities and uncertainties of the outcomes of our choices

Question 16

What is isolation anxiety?

Answer 16

the unbridgeable gap between oneself and any other being as we enter and depart existence alone

Question 17

What is the central focus of existential therapy?

Answer 17

isolation anxiety

Question 18

What are signs of isolation anxiety?

Answer 18

the constant searching for love, existing only in others eyes, enduring unsatisfactory relationships, compulsive sexuality, ultimate rescuer, putting others first

Question 19

How does existentialism support change?

Answer 19

• assist clients in moving towards authenticity and engaging in action based on creating a worthy existence
• help clients reclaim and re-own their lives and be more present to themselves and others

Question 20

Is existential therapy technique-orientated?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What does existential therapy believe creates change?

Answer 21

when the deepest part of self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client, the counselling process is at its best

Question 22

What does the existential approach aim to recognise?

Answer 22

• transference point out and make a topic discussion

- resistance

Question 23

What relationship is associated and used in Existentialism?

Answer 23

the I-Thou relationship

Question 24

What is the I-Thou relationship?

Answer 24

we relate to eachother as authentic beings, without judgement or objectification and opposes the view of another as an object, completely outside of ourselves

Question 25

What does the humanistic approach say about people?

Answer 25

believes that people are innately good and morality, ethical values and good intentions are the strongest driving forces in life; we behave as we do because of the way we perceive our situation

Question 26

What is the position of the client in Humanistic?

Answer 26

as the expert

Question 27

What is the goal of humanistic approaches?

Answer 27

self-actualisation

Question 28

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (from bottom to top)

Answer 28

• physiological (food water sex sleep)
• safety (security of body, resources, family, health etc)
• love/belonging (friendship, family, sexual intimacy)
• esteem (self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect by others)
• Self-actualisation (morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice etc)

Question 29

How do problems arise according to Humanistic therapy?

Answer 29

• the need for positive regard for the self as we begin to regard ourselves in the way that others view us
• some behaviours are regarding positively that are not actually satisfying vice versa
• conditions of worth - we can only see ourselves positively when we live within these conditions
• the more conditions the more problems - discrepancies in what we believe we want and what we actually want

Question 30

What is an incongruent self?

Answer 30

• the self-image is different to the ideal self
• there is only a little overlap
• self-actualisation will be difficult

Question 31

What is a congruent self?

Answer 31

• the self-image is similar to the ideal self
• more overlap
• this person can self-actualise

Question 32

How does the humanistic approach support change?

Answer 32

• focus on the therapeutic relationship

- counsellor shows unconditional regard, congruency and empathy

Question 33

Is humanistic therapy technique-orientated?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

What is the therapeutic process of the humanistic approach?

Answer 34

• client sets own goals

- strong therapeutic relationship