Water(topic 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Is water polar or non-polar?

A

Polar

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2
Q

Describe hydrogen bonds in terms of water molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds are weak, but can hold water molecules together

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3
Q

What causes hydrogen bonds to form?

A

The positively charged end of a water molecule is attracted to the negatively charged end of surrounding molecules, causing hydrogen bonds to form

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4
Q

Define emulsifier

A

Joins polar and non-polar together

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5
Q

Describe the structure of a water droplet

A

Outer water molecules are pulled inwards and the inner water molecules are pulled in all directions

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6
Q

Define cohesion

A

Water attracted to water

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7
Q

Define adhesion

A

Water attracted to surfaces

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8
Q

What is the difference in Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

A

Hydrophilic: ‘Water loving’= Polar
Hydrophobic: ‘Water hating’=Non-polar

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9
Q

Why can water absorb lots of heat?

A

It needs loads of energy to break, so it can absorb loads of heat (heated water moves more).

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10
Q

Describe water’s high specific heat capacity

A

A lot of energy is required to raise water temp. This is due to the fact that heat energy is also used to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. The water still remains relatively stable and it’s important so enzymes do not denature or reduce in activity.

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11
Q

What does large latent heat of vaporization mean?

A

It means that lots of energy is required to covert water from liquid to gas. This is due to hydrogen bonds, and lots of energy being needed to break them.

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12
Q

Why is the large latent heat of vaporization an advantage for organisms?

A

It means water provides a significant cooling effect. For example, when a human sweats, water is released onto the skin. Large amounts of heat energy from the skin which evaporates the water, therefore, removing heat and cooling the organism.

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13
Q

What is the advantage of cohesion in water?

A

It provides surface tension to water, which allows small invertebrates to move and live on the surface, providing a habitat away from predators in the water.

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14
Q

What is water potential?

A

Ability of water to move.
(Water always moves from high to low water potential.)

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15
Q

What is an xylem and its surrounding tissues water potentials?

A

Xylem=100KPA
Surrounding tissues=1.8KPA
Water moves from 100 KPA to 80 KPA

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16
Q

Structure of triglycerides

A

Molecule of glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids bonded together
Non polar
Insoluble in water

17
Q

3uses of lipids

A

Respired to release energy
Energy storage
Some hormones stored
Insulation

18
Q

Explain the properties of water which make it ideal for a transport median

A

Water is polar which makes it sticky therefore it can hold lots of specialised cells it is also cohesive meaning it sticks to each other but it adhesive so doesn’t stick to surfaces such as the inner walls of blood vessels it is also a liquid which means it has ability to flow

19
Q

What is a platelet

A

Cell fragment that releases thromboplastin

20
Q

What is thrombin

A

An enzyme that changes fibrinogen to fibrin

21
Q

What is fibrinogen

A

A soluble protein plasma

22
Q

Two lifestyle factors that could increase chance of suffering a stroke of heart attack

A

Smoking
Being overweight

23
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

A reaction which involves adding water and breaking the glycosidic bonds