proteins and genetics(topic 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the structure of amino acids

A

made up of long chains of amino acids

amino acids have a carbon a amine group,a carboxl group and a variable group

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2
Q

how are polypeptides formed

A

condensation reactions which is the removal of water

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3
Q

what are the 4 structures of proteins

A

primary structure=sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain held together by peptide bonds

secondary structure=hydrogen bonds form between the amino acids in the chain which makes it coil up into a alpha helix or fold into a beta pleated sheet

tertiary=coiled and folded more more bonds formed including hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds.diffusion bonds also form and overall it is a 3d structure

Quaternary structure=several different polypeptide chains held together by bonds proteins final 3D structure.

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4
Q

what do enzymes do

A

catalyse metabolic reactions.

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5
Q

Draw the basic structure of a amino acid

A
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6
Q

What is the name given to the ammount needed to start a reaction

A

Activation energy

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7
Q

What does DNA do

A

Stores the genetic information and organism needs to grow and develop

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8
Q

What does RNA do

A

Transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

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9
Q

What do ribosomes do

A

Read the RNA to make polypeptides in a process called translation

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10
Q

What is a mononucleiteid

A

A Pentose sugar
A nitrogen containing organic base
A phosphate group

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11
Q

What is the base sequences for DNA and RNA

A

DNA= a-t and c-g

RNA=a-u and c-g

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12
Q

What is DNAs structure

A

Two dna polynucleotide strands joined together by hydrogen bonding between the bases

Arranged in a double helix structure

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13
Q

What is translation

A

Dna is copied into Rna for protein synthesis

Dna is too large to leave the nucleus so is copied into mRNA

mRNA leaves the nucleus and joins with the ribosome in the cytoplasm where it can be used ti synthesise a protein

tRNA

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14
Q

What is a codon

A

Three adjacent bases

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15
Q

What is a anticodon

A

Amino acid binding site at one end and a sequence of bases at the other end

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16
Q

What is a gene

A

A sequence of bases and which holds instructions for making proteins

17
Q

What does MRNA do

A

Carries genetic code from the dna in the nucleus to the cytoplasm during translation

18
Q

What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis

A

Transcription and translation