Circulatory system(topic 1) Flashcards
what are some benefits of a open circulatory system?
-requires less energy for distrubuion
-better regulaion of body tempature
what are some negatives of a open circulatory system?
-requires a low metabolic rate
-isn’t feasable in larger organism
what are some advantages of a closed circulatory system?
-The blood transfers faster in the closed system, thus oxygen, nutritients, and wastes transport fast also.
-Specialized cells help carry nutrients
-is responsive to the organisms enviremental needs eg increase HR
what are some negatives of a closed circulator system?
-more complex
-requires more energy to distribute
3 advantages of a double circulatory system?
-blood doesn’t mix
-regulated body heat better
-higher pressure so blood can travel further
-cells have a higher metabolic rate
Mass transport definition?
-the bulk movement of gases or liquids in one direction,usually via a system of vessels and tubes
3 Features of a mass transport system?
-a means of distrubuting substances eg a heart
-a way of making substances flow in the right direction eg valves
-transport median eg water
Name a difference between a open and closed circulatory system on how blood is distributed?
-Open circulatory systems found in insects and pump blood into body cavities whereas closed circulatory systems don’t make direct contact with the tissue cells and are responsive to changes in the organ
3 features of a arteries structure?
-Small lumen
-Smooth lining
-External later of tough tissue
3 features of veins?
-Large lumen
-Thin inner surface
-Valves
3 features of capillaries?
-One cell thick
-No cologen
-No elastic fibres
What does cologen do?
-Protein found at joins and holds tissue together
3 functions of blood?
-Carries chemical messagers
-Maintains body temp
-Waste product removal
-Acts as a ph buffer
2 Features of red blood cells?
-Large size
-Biconcave shape
When oxygen and haemoglobin combine what is made?
-Oxyhemoglobin
Affinity definition?
-How easily haemoglobin binds to oxygen
Why do oxygen levels fluctuate within the body?
-Response to environmental change
What is the Bohr effect?
-Level of co2 determines how much oxygen is produced
When co2 combines with haemoglobin what is made?
-carbamino haemoglobin
What percentage of co2 is carried in both plasma and attached to haemoglobin
5 percent carried in plasma
10-20 percent attached to haemoglobin
What is formed when co2 reacts with water
Carbonic acid
What happens to carbonic acid to ensure that you blood isn’t acidic
Separates into 2 ions
H+ and hydrogencarbonate ions
Both held in cytoplasm of red blood cells
At high partial pressure is the affinity of haemoglobin high or low
High affinity
What 2 things are released when platelets break open
Seratonin
Thromboplastin
What does seratonin do
Causes smooth muscles to contract which narrows the blood vessels hense limiting blood loss
What does thromboplastin do
And enzyme that controls of the formation of a blood clot
two properties of water that make it ideal for a transport median
water is a solvent
liquid so ability to flow
high boiling point so stays the same state all around the body
exsplain the structures of amlopectin and glcogen.
branched so can be rapidly hydrolised
compact so more energy can be stored
insoluble so doesnt affect osmosis
what is fibrinogen
a soluble plasma protein
what is fibrinogen
a soluble plasma protein
One health risk associated with statin
Liver damage
