topic 5 Flashcards
what is succession
gradual directional change of a ecosystem
what is primary succession
happens when newly formed or exposed no soil or organic moment to start with
what is secondary succession
all plants cleared but soil remains
what is a pioneer species
adapted to withstand tough conditions
featured of a pioneer species
short lifecycle
lots of seed
fast growth rate
bad at competition
what is phosphosphorelation
adding phosphate group
what is dephosphosphorelation
removing a phosphate group
adv of atp as a enrgy source
instant source of energy
releases energy in small ammounts
used in many different chemical reactions.
what is the difference between a virus and a bacteria
Bacteria are single cells that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body. Viruses cause infections by entering and multiplying inside the host’s healthy cells.
what is virrilance
how easily it spreads
what is a spike protein
specific to certain receptors on outside of virons which is responsible for the plasma membrane changing shape allowing a cell to enter
primary defenses against infection
skin-physical barrier strengthened by keratin. Antimicrobial secretion prevents bacteria colonizing
inflamation-swelling at site of damaged cells-vasodillation so increased blood flow
tranchea and bronchii-goblet cells produce and secrete mucus which traps pathogens
stomach and gas-hydrochloric acid kills pathogens
what is a autotroph
autotrophs are organisms that use use light energy or chemical energy and inorganic molecules to synthesize complex organic molecules
what are heterotrophs
organisms that ingest and ingest complex molecules that release chemicals with potential energy stored in them.
what is latent tb and active tb
latent tb-no symptoms
based on immune system
active tb can be fatal
why is hiv so hard to treat
constantly mutating
what is the innate immune response
increase in temp to kill bacteria
lyphocytes give off antibodies from white blood cells which engulf pathogens
what is asymptomatic
shows no symptons
5 stages of phagocytosis
pathogen detection
pathogen located and phagocyte
binds to pathogen
phagocyte engulfs pathogen
fuses with lysosome
absorbs digestive products
what is agglutination
clumping of pathogens together
what are some similarities and differences between cell mediated and humoral immune response
cell mediated-
mediated by t cells
detected by receptors
protects against viral infection
humoral immune-
involves formation of antibodies
mediated by B cells
what are antibodies
glycolytic proteins that which defend against infection and pathogens
what are the two types of antibiotics
bacteriacidal–kills bacterial cells
bacteriaostatic–slow the growth or reproduction of bacteria.
superbugs definition
species of infectious bacteria that a resistant to known antibiotics
what causes superbugs to develope
GENIE
what are swhann cells
wrap around the axon and release a lipid which myelinates the axon speeding up the impulse
benefits of myelination
protects neuron from damage
speeds up nerve impulse
what is a biofuel
a fuel derived immediately from living matter
