topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is succession

A

gradual directional change of a ecosystem

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2
Q

what is primary succession

A

happens when newly formed or exposed no soil or organic moment to start with

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3
Q

what is secondary succession

A

all plants cleared but soil remains

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4
Q

what is a pioneer species

A

adapted to withstand tough conditions

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5
Q

featured of a pioneer species

A

short lifecycle
lots of seed
fast growth rate
bad at competition

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6
Q

what is phosphosphorelation

A

adding phosphate group

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7
Q

what is dephosphosphorelation

A

removing a phosphate group

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8
Q

adv of atp as a enrgy source

A

instant source of energy
releases energy in small ammounts
used in many different chemical reactions.

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9
Q

what is the difference between a virus and a bacteria

A

Bacteria are single cells that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body. Viruses cause infections by entering and multiplying inside the host’s healthy cells.

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10
Q

what is virrilance

A

how easily it spreads

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11
Q

what is a spike protein

A

specific to certain receptors on outside of virons which is responsible for the plasma membrane changing shape allowing a cell to enter

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12
Q

primary defenses against infection

A

skin-physical barrier strengthened by keratin. Antimicrobial secretion prevents bacteria colonizing

inflamation-swelling at site of damaged cells-vasodillation so increased blood flow

tranchea and bronchii-goblet cells produce and secrete mucus which traps pathogens

stomach and gas-hydrochloric acid kills pathogens

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13
Q

what is a autotroph

A

autotrophs are organisms that use use light energy or chemical energy and inorganic molecules to synthesize complex organic molecules

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14
Q

what are heterotrophs

A

organisms that ingest and ingest complex molecules that release chemicals with potential energy stored in them.

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15
Q

what is latent tb and active tb

A

latent tb-no symptoms
based on immune system
active tb can be fatal

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16
Q

why is hiv so hard to treat

A

constantly mutating

17
Q

what is the innate immune response

A

increase in temp to kill bacteria
lyphocytes give off antibodies from white blood cells which engulf pathogens

18
Q

what is asymptomatic

A

shows no symptons

19
Q

5 stages of phagocytosis

A

pathogen detection

pathogen located and phagocyte
binds to pathogen

phagocyte engulfs pathogen

fuses with lysosome

absorbs digestive products

20
Q

what is agglutination

A

clumping of pathogens together

21
Q

what are some similarities and differences between cell mediated and humoral immune response

A

cell mediated-
mediated by t cells
detected by receptors
protects against viral infection

humoral immune-
involves formation of antibodies
mediated by B cells

22
Q

what are antibodies

A

glycolytic proteins that which defend against infection and pathogens

23
Q

what are the two types of antibiotics

A

bacteriacidal–kills bacterial cells

bacteriaostatic–slow the growth or reproduction of bacteria.

24
Q

superbugs definition

A

species of infectious bacteria that a resistant to known antibiotics

25
Q

what causes superbugs to develope

A

GENIE

26
Q

what are swhann cells

A

wrap around the axon and release a lipid which myelinates the axon speeding up the impulse

27
Q

benefits of myelination

A

protects neuron from damage
speeds up nerve impulse

28
Q

what is a biofuel

A

a fuel derived immediately from living matter

29
Q
A