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EARTHSCI > WATER SOURCE > Flashcards

WATER SOURCE Flashcards

1
Q

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE: movement of water around Earth’s surface and its subsystems

A

WATER SOURCE

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2
Q

allow water to move between reservoir and subsystems

A

PATHWAY

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3
Q

places where water resides for varying amount of time

A

RESERVOIR

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4
Q

6 FLUCTUATION

A

1 | EVAPORATION:
2 | SUBLIMATION:
3 | TRANSPIRATION:
4 | CONDENSATION
5 | PRECIPITATION:
6 | INFILTRATION:

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5
Q

liquid to vapor (80%)

A

1 | EVAPORATION

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6
Q

ice directly to vapor

A

2 | SUBLIMATION

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7
Q

evaporation from leaves and stems of plants (10%)

A

3 | TRANSPIRATION:

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8
Q

vapor to water

A

4 | CONDENSATION:

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9
Q

droplets/ice crystals in clouds

A

5 | PRECIPITATION:

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10
Q

*total water in planet
*moves constantly and changes form
*neither created nor destroyed
*cycling for billions of years
*United Nations World Water Development: ocean: largest reservoir, 97.5% saline water
*2.5% Freshwater: glacier (68.7), groundwater (30.1), permafrost (0.8) , surface and atmospheric water

A

EARTH’S WATER BUDGET

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10
Q

rain/snow falls into land surface penetrating the soil

A

6 | INFILTRATION:

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11
Q

average length of time spent by water molecule in a reservoir (ocean - longer)

A

RESIDENCE TIME:

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12
Q

soil, rock, or sediment that is frozen for more than 2 consecutive years

A

PERMAFROST:

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12
Q

0.3% of Earth’s water include stream, lakes, and wetlands where rainfall, melting, snow and ice, groundwater flows

A

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR:

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13
Q

7 UNDER SALTWATER RESERVOIR

A

Ocean
Salinity
Surface Layer:
Thermocline
Deep Zone Temperature:
Surface of Ocean:
Thermohaline Circulation:

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14
Q

freshwater in rock and soil layers beneath surface; largest reservoir of liquid freshwater on Earth

A

GROUND WATER:

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15
Q

saltiness of saltwater

A

Salinity:

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15
Q

vast body of saline water

A

Ocean:

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16
Q

warm, low-density water with 100m in depth from ocean surface, 2% water in ocean and home of most marine animals and plants

A

Surface Layer:

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17
Q

cold, extends up to 1500m

A

Thermocline:

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18
Q

uniformly low, 80% of water in ocean is here

A

Deep Zone Temperature:

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19
Q

driven by density differences, controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline)
= propelled by sinking of cold, salty, and dense water, rising of warm, less salty water of tropics

A

Thermohaline Circulation:

19
Q

affected by currents caused by prevailing winds that drags water forward, creating slow, broad drifts

A

Surface of Ocean:

20
Q

*seen in inaccessible (polar region)
*Greenland melts, world’s water rises by 6m
*Antarctic Ice Sheet melts: rise by 60m

A

FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

21
Q

UNDER FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

A

Glacier
Ice Sheets:
Last Ice Age:

22
Q

permanent body of ice, largely of recrystallized snow

A

Glacier:

23
Q

mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50,000 km2
Currently ice sheets covering most of Greenland and Antarctica

A

Ice Sheets:

24
Q

extended North America to Scandinavia

A

Last Ice Age

25
Q

ACTIVITIES AFFECTING QUALITY OF WATER

A

1.Population growth in water-short regions
2.Movement of large number of people from countryside to towns and cities
3.Demand for greater food security and higher living standards
4.Increased competitions
5.Pollution

26
Q

overland flow; heavy rain moves downhill

A

SHEETLOW:

27
Q

as rain flows and enters channels

A

STREAMFLOW:

28
Q

watershield; land area where water flows into a particular stream

A

DRAINAGE BASIN:

28
Q

separates individual drainage basin

A

DRAINAGE DIVIDE:

29
Q

INTERFLUVES: narrow, elongated landform separating individual streams

A

INTERFLUVES

30
Q

: moving body of surface water flows downslope toward sea level due to gravity

A

STREAM

31
Q

: particles and dissolved substances are transported

A

CHANNELS

32
Q

stream with considerable volume and well-defined channel

A

RIVER

33
Q

smaller streams

A

TRIBUTARIES:

34
Q

LAKES: large, inland bodies of fresh and saline water; upper surface exposed to atmosphere (flat)

A

LAKES:

35
Q

barriers along stream to contain waterflow

A

DAMS:

35
Q

small and shallow lakes

A

PONDS:

36
Q

different wetlands

A

MARSH, SWAMP, ESTUARY:

37
Q

land areas where water covers surface for significant periods

A

WETLANDS:

38
Q

wetland with lush trees and vegetation found in low-lying areas beside slow-moving rivers

A

SWAMP

39
Q

partly enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from stream meets saltwater

A

ESTUARY

40
Q

total of empty pore space in rock

A

POROSITY:

41
Q

ability of rock/sediments to allow water to pass through

A

PERMEABILITY:

42
Q

water-bearing rock layers skin to “sponge” holds groundwater in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores between grains

A

AQUIFER:

43
Q

natural event in which area is usually dry (submerged under water)

A

FLOODS:

43
Q

intense high-velocity torrent of water occurs in existing river channel with little to no notice

A

FLASH FLOODS:

44
Q

water overwhelms in low-lying areas along coast, usually due to severe weather conditions

A

COASTAL FLOODING:

45
Q

stream’s discharge greater than capacity of channel causing overflow

A

FLUVIAL (RIVERINE FLOOD):

46
Q

heavy rainfall creates flood event of an overflowing stream

A

PLUVIAL (SURFACE WATER FLOOD):

47
Q

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

A

*Presidential decree (PD) 424 of 1074
National Water Resource Council (NWRC)
*PD 1067 (1976) Instituted the Water Code
*Executive Order 222 of 1995
Presidential Committee on Water Conservation and Demand Management
*RA 8041 of National Water Crisis Act of 1995 | addressed water problems through integrated management program and development of new water resources and conservation of identified watersheds
*The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

EARTHSCI (6 decks)

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