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EARTHSCI > ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE > Flashcards

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE Flashcards

1
Q

*To make sense, humans use religion, traditions, philosophy, and science to describe its origin and structure
*Understanding Universe: built upon previous knowledge and enhanced by upgrading techniques

A

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

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2
Q

10 ORIGIN OF UNIVERSE, EARTH, SUBSYSTEMS

A

1 | BOOK OF GENESIS
2 | RIGVEDA (A HINDU TEXT)
3 | PRIMORDIAL UNIVERSE
4 | ATOMIC UNIVERSE
5 | GIANT BODY
6 | GEOCENTRIC UNIVERSE
7 | HELIOCENTRISM THEORY
8 | INFINITE UNIVERSE:
9 | CARTESIAN VORTEX MODEL:
10 | STATIC UNIVERSE:

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2
Q

oscillating universe contained in cosmic egg “Brahmanda”

A

2 | RIGVEDA (A HINDU TEXT)

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3
Q

God separated light from darkness and created everything in span of 6 days

A

1 | BOOK OF GENESIS

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4
Q

mixture of small fragments, not entirely uniform, to produce cosmos, set in motion by action of “Nous” or mind

A

3 | PRIMORDIAL UNIVERSE:

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4
Q

stoic philosophers believed Sun and stars are most important | everything else was interconnected (You are a star.)

A

5 | GIANT BODY

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5
Q

Leucippus and Democritus - universe is composed of tiny, indivisible, indestructible atoms (lacks facts/research)

A

4 | ATOMIC UNIVERSE:

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6
Q

Aristotle and Ptolemy proposed Earth stayed motionless in heavens and everything was revolving around it (center)

A

6 | GEOCENTRIC UNIVERSE:

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7
Q

*debunked geocentric
*1543, Nicolaus Copernicus: Earth and other planets revolved around a star.
*1584, Giordano Bruno: solar system is not the center of the universe

A

7 | HELIOCENTRISM THEORY

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8
Q

Big Bang Theory 1687, Isaac Newton: matter on large scale is uniformly distributed, balanced gravity, unstable

A

8 | INFINITE UNIVERSE

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9
Q

Rene Descartes outline based on Newton’s infinite universe: vacuum of space with matter swirled around in large and small vertices (Gravitational Effects)

A

9 | CARTESIAN VORTEX MODEL

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10
Q

*Albert Einstein: universe was static, dynamically stable universe, neither expanding nor contracting
*1929 Edwin Hubble disproved this theory

A

10 | STATIC UNIVERSE:

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11
Q

4 FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN FRACTION

A

GRAVITY:
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE:

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11
Q

*Universe is expanding, originated from infinitely tiny dense point, reason for inflation of the universe
extremely hot; matter not exist
*Matter: not present but only pure energy compressed in single point (singularity)
*Attributed to Belgian Roman Catholic priest, George Lemaitre in 1927
*Supported by demonstration of Edwin Hubble, continuously expanding universe

A

THE BIG BANG THEORY

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12
Q

attraction between bodies

A

GRAVITY

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13
Q

binds atom into molecule

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE

14
Q

TIMELINE 3

A

After 300 million years, stars and galaxies began to form as Hydrogen & Helium coalesce with aid of gravity

14
Q

break down atom’s nucleus and produce radioactive decay

A

WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE:

14
Q

TIMELINE 2

A

About 300,000 years, About 300,000 years, temperature cools for hydrogen & helium to form completely
- Photons escaped - light existed

15
Q

binds proton and neutron in nucleus

A

STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE:

16
Q

TIMELINE 1

A

After 3 mins. universe continuously expanding, it began to cool down allowing protons & neutrons of hydrogen and helium

17
Q

*Pathways by which chemical substance moves through biotic and abiotic components of Earth
*Allows circulation of important chemical nutrients to support life and maintain balance of substances through the biological and physical world (Food Chain)

A

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE

18
Q

3 ORIGIN OF SOLAR SYSTEM

A

1 | ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS
2 | NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS
3 | PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS

19
Q

*After 5 billion years, rogue star passed closed to Sun and stripped materials from both Sun and rogue star
*Why all planets revolve in same direction

A

1 | ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS

20
Q

*Started as large cloud of gas contracted due to self-gravity
*Incorporates more basic physics, hypothesis couldn’t account for why 99% of solar system’s mass is in Sun but most of motion is in planets (Nebula)

A

2 | NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS

21
Q

*Andrei Linde: universe is just 1 of many bubbles that grew part of multiverse
*Hugh Everett III and Bryce Dewitt: developed and popularized concept of “many worlds” structure of universe

A

3 | MULTIVERSE:

21
Q

*Present working model of formation of solar system (Interstellar)
*built on main concept of nebular theory started when interstellar cloud contracted and rotated more rapidly and eventually became the Sun

A

3 | PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS

21
Q

3 ORIGIN OF UNIVERSE

A

1 | OSCILLATING UNIVERSE:
2 | STEADY STATE THEORY:
3 | MULTIVERSE:

22
Q

*astronomers’ proposal
*Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi
*Expansion but no change in density
*added stars = destruction of others

A

2 | STEADY STATE THEORY

23
Q

Albert Einstein
favorite model after rejecting his own
Result: expansion of universe for a time, then contraction due to pull of its cycle of big bang and big crunch

A

1 | OSCILLATING UNIVERSE:

24
Q

4 SUBSYSTEMS

A

1 | ATMOSPHERE
2 | GEOSPHERE
3 | HYDROSPHERE:
4 | BIOSPHERE

25
Q

*makes up all gas on Earth
*Troposphere: surface
*Stratosphere: ozone
*Mesosphere: middle, star
*Thermosphere: heat (Sun)
*Exosphere: outer

A

1 | ATMOSPHERE

26
Q

*refers to the solid Earth
*Greek: geo (ground)
*soil, rocks, minerals, crust, core
*Lithosphere (rock)
*Crust: outermost (solid)
*Mantle: mid (upper more fluid than lower)
*Core: innermost (outer: liquid - inner: solid)

A

2 | GEOSPHERE:

27
Q

*totality of water
*water vapor, liquid water, ice
*97.5% Saltwater | 2.5% Freshwater
*Cryosphere: frozen part of hydro

A

3 | HYDROSPHERE:

28
Q

*all life forms, organic matters
*Divided into biomes (world’s major communities according to predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to particular climate)
*Aquatic, Forest, Dessert, Grassland, Tundra

A

4 | BIOSPHERE:

EARTHSCI (6 decks)

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