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EARTHSCI > ECOSYSTEM SERVICE > Flashcards

ECOSYSTEM SERVICE Flashcards

1
Q

direct, indirect contributions of ecosystems to human survival and quality of life

A

ECOSYSTEM SERVICE

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2
Q

2 CAUSES OF WASTE

A

1 | NATURAL
2 | ANTHROPOGENIC:

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3
Q

comes from environment

A

1 | NATURAL:

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3
Q

produced by humans
Humans cause anthropogenic waste, whereas natural causes lead to natural waste.

A

2 | ANTHROPOGENIC:

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4
Q

PHILIPPINE WASTE PERCENTAGE (2003)

A

Residential-56.7%
Commercial-27.1%
Market-18.3%
Institution-12.1

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5
Q

6 SOLID WASTE:

A

1 | BIODEGRADABLE:
2 | NONBIODEGRADABLE:
3 | MUNICIPAL WASTE:
4 | AGRICULTURAL WASTE:
5 | INDUSTRIAL WASTE:
6 | MINING WASTE:

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6
Q

cannot be degrade quickly through normal means

A

2 | NONBIODEGRADABLE:

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6
Q

capable of being decomposed by microorganisms

A

1 | BIODEGRADABLE:

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7
Q

people no longer want
- broken, spoiled, or malfunctional

A

3 | MUNICIPAL WASTE:

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8
Q

(variety) demolition, scraps from manufacturing, and ashes

A

5 | INDUSTRIAL WASTE:

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9
Q

milling and crushing of ore

A

6 | MINING WASTE:

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9
Q

common from farming and poultry or for soil-enhancing activities

A

4 | AGRICULTURAL WASTE:

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10
Q

from residential septic tanks, created by humans in houses, school, etc.

A

1 | DOMESTIC SEWAGE:

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10
Q

waste materials appear in liquid

A

LIQUID WASTE:

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11
Q

4 LIQUID WASTE:

A

1 | DOMESTIC SEWAGE:
2 | INDUSTRIAL WASTE:
3 | COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER:
4 | RUNOFF WASTE:

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12
Q

-cannot use same sewage management transportation or processes as septic or commercial liquids
-requires inspection and testing of liquid before undergoes disposal process

A

2 | INDUSTRIAL WASTE:

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13
Q

portable toilets, restaurant grease traps, commercial holding tanks

A

3 | COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER:

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14
Q

*excess stormwater in highly populated areas/cities
*requires planning and implementation of sewer systems and drainage plans

A

4 | RUNOFF WASTE:

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15
Q

gaseous materials to be discarded

A

GAS WASTE

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16
Q

properties that make it dangerous or capable of harmful effect on health

A

HAZARDOUS WASTE:

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17
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WASTE TO

A

SOIL
WATER
AIR
MINING

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17
Q

easily ignite/burn rapidly

A

2 | FLAMMABLE WASTE:

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17
Q

4 HAZARDOUS WASTE:

A

1 | TOXIC WASTE
2 | FLAMMABLE WASTE:
3 | CORROSIVE WASTE :
4 | REACTIVE WASTE:

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17
Q

burn skin on contact and erode away surface of materials

A

3 | CORROSIVE WASTE :

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17
Q

*combination of solid wastes due to quantity, concentration, physical or chemical characteristics, or biological properties
*require special handling and disposal
*Clinical wastes and asbestos

A

SPECIAL WASTE:

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18
Q

injury/death if inhaled/ingested

A

1 | TOXIC WASTE:

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19
Q

degradation of land resources for agriculture

A

SOIL:

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19
Q

toxic vapors/explosions

A

4 | REACTIVE WASTE:

19
Q

*combination of solid wastes due to quantity, concentration, physical or chemical characteristics, or biological properties
-require special handling and disposal
-Clinical wastes and asbestos

A

SPECIAL WASTE:

19
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WASTE TO

A

SOIL
WATER
AIR
MINING

20
Q

degradation of land resources for agriculture

A

SOIL:

20
Q

contribution to greenhouse effect

A

AIR:

20
Q

contamination = bad water quality

A

WATER:

20
Q

toxic wastes produced by mines

A

MINING:

21
Q

POLLUTION

A

*adversely impacts environment
*introduces substances and factors that alter natural environmen

22
Q

invisible affliction appears when concentration of pollutants on surface becomes high that it harms land biodiversity and endangers health, particularly through food

A

SOIL POLLUTION:

23
Q

TYPES OF SOIL POLLUTION

A

SPECIFIC POLLUTION
WIDESPREAD POLLUTION

24
Q

in small areas the reasons for which can be easily identified. Land pollution found in cities, old factory sites, around roadways, illegal dumps, and sewage treatment stations.

A

SPECIFIC POLLUTION:

25
Q

covers extensive areas and has several causes the reasons for which are difficult to identify. Cases: involve spreading of pollutants by air-ground-water systems and seriously affect human health and environment.

A

WIDESPREAD POLLUTION:

26
Q

5 WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD

A

1 | LANDFILL
2 | INCINERATION
3 | MULCH AND COMPOST:
4 | SOURCE REDUCTION:
5 | RECYCLING:

27
Q

*cheapest and most convenient
- typical solid waste constructed above impermeable clay layer lined with impermeable membrane

A

1 | LANDFILL

28
Q

*burning in controlled manner
*converted to gas, particles, and heat
*Heat: generate electricity
*Gas: treated again to eradicate pollutants

A

2 | INCINERATION:

29
Q

*simplest at home
*Composting: allow natural process of decomposition to transform organic materials to humus-like material - compost

A

3 | MULCH AND COMPOST:

30
Q

design, manufacture, purchase, use, reuse materials = reduce waste/toxic

A

4 | SOURCE REDUCTION:

31
Q

collecting throwaway materials and turning them into useful products

A

5 | RECYCLING:

32
Q

contamination of water sources by substances which make water unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, etc.

A

WATER POLLUTION:

33
Q

chemicals, trash, bacteria, parasites. All forms of pollution eventually make way to water

A

POLLUTANTS:

34
Q

EXAMPLES OF WATER POLLUTION

A

EUTROPHICATION
EFFLUENT

35
Q

chemicals/other waste from factories

A

EFFLUENT:

35
Q

plants and animals grow fast in lakes = use all oxygen in water = suffocate others
Caused by too many nutrients in water

A

EUTROPHICATION:

36
Q

radioactive metals release energy to achieve more stable form

A

RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION:

37
Q

*caused by poisonous gas and particulate matter in air.
*Air pollution and climate change are closely linked as major pollutants have an impact on climate and most share common sources with greenhouse gas.
Improve air quality will bring health, development, and environmental benefits

A

AIR POLLUTION:

37
Q

deposited in or on an object/person released can cause air, water, etc. to be contaminated.

A

RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION:

38
Q

COMMON POLLUTANTS

A

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
PARTICULAR MATTER (PM):
THERMAL POLLUTION:

39
Q

: colorless, odorless, and tasteless toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels (wood, petrol, charcoal, natural gas, and kerosene)

A

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

40
Q

*common proxy indicator for air pollution.
*Exposure: negative health impacts
*Sulfates, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust, water

A

PARTICULAR MATTER (PM)

41
Q

*caused by rise in environmental temperatures; hot/cold water dumped into the natural body of water, changing temperature.
*harms water-dwelling plants and animals and ecosystems that support them

A

THERMAL POLLUTION:

42
Q

2 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF THERMAL

A

Decrease in dissolved oxygen
Algal blooms

43
Q

*Warm = less oxygen, heats up, molecules move faster, allow more oxygen to escape
*Sudden infusion of heat in water reduce levels of dissolved oxygen
*Oxygen-breathing creatures unable to leave area can literally suffocate

A

Decrease in dissolved oxygen

44
Q

*Not all species suffer when water temp rises. Blue-green algae thrive in warmer water.
*Organic matter decomposes faster in warm water, filling nutrients that feed algae.
*Warm doesn’t mix, fewer currents to stop algae clumps from forming

A

Algal blooms

45
Q

*Pollution: decline in tourists and investors
*Groundwater under Boracay: severely polluted with sewage due to central lowlands of island become vast slum

A

IMPACTS ON HUMANS

45
Q

*Plastic waste generated from farming practices pollute soil and waterways and harm wildlife, ingesting or entangled in it
Impact on water quality
*Microplastics: eaten by marine life, mistakes for food | potential to be human food chain

A

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD MANAGEMENT

46
Q

*Unscientific disposal of solid waste: population in areas without proper waste disposal method (preschool, waste workers, toxic/infectious facilities)
*High risk group: live close to waste dump, contaminated water supply due to waste dumping or leakage from landfill sites
Uncollected solid waste increase risk of injury and infection

A

HEALTH IMPACT

47
Q

Poor food hygiene practice lead to consuming food = severely ill/food poison

A

FOODBORNE DISEASE/ILLNESS

48
Q

leftover (unsafe)

A

Pagpag:

49
Q

swallow/drink
- E. Coli (raw veg and beef)

A

Waterborne Illness:

50
Q

reproducing in body
- need another living thing (host) to get nutrients need to survive

A

Parasitic Infection:

50
Q

*break-bone fever
*viral infection from mosquitoes

A

Dengue:

EARTHSCI (6 decks)

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