ENERGY SOURCES

Question 1

2 ENERGY SOURCES

Answer 1

RENEWABLE ENERGY
NONRENEWABLE ENERGY

Question 1

replenished/regenerated on a human time scale

Answer 1

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Question 2

cannot be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale

Answer 2

NONRENEWABLE ENERGY

Question 3

RENEWABLE

Answer 3

Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Hydroelectric

Question 4

NONRENEWABLE

Answer 4

Nuclear Energy
Fossil fuels
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal

Question 5

*black combustible rock made up of elemental carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur | made of plant remains million years ago
*Carboniferous Period: most extensive coal
*Continuous burial and compaction transforms decaying vegetation into peat
*precursor of coal (50% carbon)
*formed at 4-10 km deep surface

Answer 5

COAL

Question 5

worlds primary source of energy that provides most energy supporting all various activities [How are fossil fuels formed?]

Answer 5

FOSSIL FUELS:

Question 6

*hydrocarbon mostly methane
*simple, chemical compound made up of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
*lighter than air and highly flammable

Answer 6

NATURAL GAS

Question 6

*naturally-occurring liquid composed of complex hydrocarbons found in geological formations underneath Earth’s surface
*large quantities of microscopic organisms
*Latin: petra (rock) | oleum (oil)
*Kerogen: waxy; made into hydrocarbons through Catagenesis formed within specific depth, pressure, temp range known as “oil window”
*If temp increases beyond oil window, oil converted to natural gas: thermal cracking

Answer 6

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS:

Question 7

heat energy produced by nuclear fission or fusion

Answer 7

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Question 8

split heavy atoms to lighter one

Answer 8

NUCLEAR FISSION

Question 9

PROBLEM WITH NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Answer 9

1.Temperature of fuel rods
*Fukushima Daiichi NPP Japan, 2011
Generation of Radioactive Wastes
2.Bataan NPP Philippines, 1976
US Commercial NPP Pennsylvania, 1979
Chernobyl NPP Pripyat, 1986

Question 10

combined 2 light atoms = heavy
*Uranium-235 and Thorium-232
*radioactive elements usually decay
*transformed into fuel rods generate heat, boils water, generates steam to drive turbines and produce electricity
*contained in nuclear power plant uses high grade materials (radioactive)

Answer 10

NUCLEAR FUSION

Question 11

heat energy trapped in Earth’s surface

Answer 11

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:

Question 12

*Heat water with volcanic rocks for agricultural and self use
*Regulate temperature
*Convert water into steam = electricity
*Use of natural flow of water = electricity

Answer 12

HARNESSING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Question 13

*In early part of Earth’s history, it was warm enough to cause the surface to melt
*After billions of years, earth cooled significantly. However, radioactive elements serve as traps.

Answer 13

RATE OF CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE

Question 14

: collection of individual wind turbines

Answer 14

WIND FARM

Question 14

: produced with wind turbine

Answer 14

WIND ENERGY

Question 14

*generated by energy from falling water
*Flow of water = circulates turbine
*Generator = mechanical to electrical
*Excess water discharged at water forms

Answer 14

HYDROELECTRICITY:

Question 14

*Harness hot water (reservoir)
*Evaporate (steam)
-(increase)temperature = (increase)pressure
*Steam - circulate turbine = mechanical
*Mech. Energy - Electricity by generator
*Steam - cooling tower = converted to water
*Injection Well: inject back to reservoir

Answer 14

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PROCESS

Question 15

diversion structure constructed along stream to divert water and allow it to flow through a canal called headrace.

Answer 15

WEIR:

Question 16

difference in elevation of high & low

Answer 16

TIDAL RANGE:

Question 17

SOLAR ENERGY

Answer 17

*coming from the sun
*Utilized for all results:
-No ozone layer
-Earth = Venus
-Temperature change

Question 18

*direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level, consisting of semiconductor materials made into thin sheets (WAFER)
- gets electrons (negative/electricity)

Answer 18

PHOTOVOLTAIC