SOIL RESOURCE

Question 1

• PEDOSPHERE
• COMPONENTS
  Minerals: gravel, sand, clay, silt
  Organic matter: humus, roots, decaying organisms, air, and water

Answer 1

SOIL RESOURCE

Question 2

outermost layer composed of soil
Pedon - soil | Sfaira - sphere

Answer 2

PEDOSPHERE

Question 3

5 FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATION

Answer 3

1 | PARENT MATERIAL:
2 | BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:
3 | CLIMATE:
4 | TIME:
5 | TOPOGRAPHY:

Question 4

source material of soil
parent rock/bare rock

Answer 4

PARENT MATERIAL:

Question 5

temperature, rainfall, moisture

Answer 5

3 | CLIMATE:

Question 6

micro/organisms
- Weathering and erosion

Answer 6

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS:

Question 7

continuous process depending on others

Answer 7

4 | TIME:

Question 8

grid, altitude, height to sea level

Answer 8

5 | TOPOGRAPHY:

Question 9

relative proportion of particle sizes in soil

Answer 9

SOIL TEXTURE:

Question 10

SOIL PROFILE:sequence of soil horizons from surface down to bedrock

Answer 10

SOIL PROFILE:

Question 11

naturally composed of mixture of particles and proportion of which affects other soil properties such as porosity and water retention

Answer 11

SOIL:

Question 12

6 SOIL HORIZONS

Answer 12

0-HORIZON:
A-HORIZON:
E-HORIZON:
B-HORIZON:
C-HORIZON:
R-HORIZON

Question 13

ideal soil for agriculture

Answer 13

LOAM SOIL:

Question 14

mineral matter - topsoil

Answer 14

A-HORIZON:

Question 15

loosed decayed organic matter

Answer 15

0-HORIZON:

Question 16

eluviation (loss of mineral)

Answer 16

E-HORIZON:

Question 17

B-HORIZON: accumulated clay - subsoil

Answer 17

B-HORIZON:

Question 18

C-HORIZON: weathered rocks - regolith

Answer 18

C-HORIZON:

Question 19

hard bedrock

Answer 19

R-HORIZON:

Question 20

PHILIPPINES Philippines Bureau of Soil and Water Management (BSWM) 9 SOIL ORDERS

Answer 20

*Andisol (volcanic)
*alfisol
*entisol
*histosol
*inceptisol
*mollisol
*oxisol
*ultisol
*vertisol

Question 21

Dryland

Answer 21

ARIDISOL:

Question 22

tropical

Answer 22

OXISOL:

Question 23

Grass

Answer 23

MOLLISOL:

Question 24

frozen

Answer 24

GELISOL

Question 25

CONSERVATION OF SOIL RESOURCES

Answer 25

*Increase soil organic matter
*Keep soil covered and vegetated
*Avoid excessive tillage
*Manage pest and nutrient efficiently
*Promote crop rotation
*Reduce erosion & prevent soil compaction

Question 26

5 HUMAN ACTIVITY DEGRADES SOIL QUALITY

Answer 26

1 | SOIL EROSION:
2 | SOIL COMPACTION:
3 | DESERTIFICATION:
4 | INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
5 | URBANIZATION

Question 27

loss of topsoil and nutrients
natural process but worse by poor manage

Answer 27

SOIL EROSION:

Question 28

composition, reduces amt of air, water, and spaces available to roots and organisms ( by repeated traffic/travel on wet soil)

Answer 28

2 | SOIL COMPACTION:

Question 29

increase population caused conversion of land to urban centers characterized by concrete structures, roads, and pavements

Answer 29

5 | URBANIZATION:

Question 29

intensive use of machineries, deforestation, and clearing of land for cultivation

Answer 29

4 | INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE:

Question 29

irreversible change of land to such state where it can no longer be recovered for original use (droughts and arid - result of human)

Answer 29

3 | DESERTIFICATION:

Question 30

2 PARTS OF SOIL FORMATION

Answer 30

PRIMARY SUCESSION
SECONDARY SUCCESION