Water Soluble Vitamins and their properties

Question 1

Thiamin (Alternative name, Main Co-enzyme, Biochemical or physiological function, Deficiency, Food sources, some conditions and/or individuals at risk for deficiency)

Answer 1

Vitamin B1 ; TDP or TPP; oxidative decarboxylation; beriberi, muscle weakness, anorexia, tachycardia, enlarged heart, edema; yeast, pork, sunflower seeds, and legumes; alcoholism, elderly malabsorptive conditions

Question 2

Niacin (Alternative name, Main Co-enzyme, Biochemical or physiological function, Deficiency, Food sources, some conditions and/or individuals at risk for deficiency)

Answer 2

Vitamin B3 nicotinic acid or nicotinamide ; NAD or NADP; Electron transfer; pellagra, diarrhea, dermatitis, mental confusion or dementia; tuna, beef liver, veal, chicken, beef, halibut, peanut butter; alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions

Question 3

Biotin Alternative name, Main Co-enzyme, Biochemical or physiological function, Deficiency, Food sources, some conditions and/or individuals at risk for deficiency

Answer 3

carboxylbiotinyl lysine; CO2 transfer/carboxylation reactions; deficiency very rare; anorexia, nausea, glossitis, depression, dry scaly dermatitis; widespread in foods; alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions

Question 4

Vitamin B6 (Alternative name, Main Co-enzyme, Biochemical or physiological function, Deficiency, Food sources, some conditions and/or individuals at risk for deficiency

Answer 4

pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine ; PLP; Transamination and decarboxylation reactions; dermatitis, glossitis, and convulsions; steak, navy beans, potato, salmon, bananas, whole grains; Elderly, alcoholism, use of certain medications.

Question 5

Folate

Answer 5

THF; one carbon transfer reactions; megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, and confusion; Brewer’s yeast, spinach, asparagus, turnip greens, lima beens, beef liver, fortified grain products; alcoholism, malabsorptive conditions, use of certain medications.

Question 6

Vitamin B12

Answer 6

cobalamin; methylcobalamin or adenosylcobalamin; methylation of homocysteine to methione; conversion of methylmalonyl-coA to succinyl coA; megaloblastic anemia, degeneration of peripheral nerves; meat fish shelfish, poultry, and milk; elderly, strict vegetarans, pernicious anemia, some disorders affecting stomach and illeum

Question 7

Ascorbic acid

Answer 7

vitamin c ; no main co-enzyme; antioxidant, hydroxylating enzyms involved in synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and norepinephrine; scurvy, hyperkeratosis of hair follicles, psychological manifestations, retarded wound healing, bleeding gums, spontaneous rupture of capillaries; elderly, alcoholism, smoking.