Lecture #2 Cell Biology

Question 1

There is only one cell type that does not have a nucleus. what is that cell?

Answer 1

RBC (cannot adapt to changes in environment); Cannot produce protein

Question 2

What is the powerhouse of the cell? haha

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

responsible for packaging and processing proteins

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

responsible for translation of mRNA and the production of protein

Question 5

Lysosome

Answer 5

Contains digestive enzymes that breaks up proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The also remove and recycle waste products.

Question 6

After a meal, what type of structure is secreted to the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

Glucose transporters are secreted to the plasma membrane. They are produced, sent to the ER, packaged and modified by the Golgi, and sent out in vesicles to the plasma membrane.

Question 7

What are the two types of cells that stores glycogen granules?

Answer 7

Liver cells and muscle cells

Question 8

What are the four different types of polar head groups included in a membrane?

Answer 8

(CISE) choline, serine, inositol, or ethanolamine.

Question 9

Does the fatty acid make up in a bilayer effect membrane fluidity?

Answer 9

Yes. Saturated fatty acids have lower fluidity, while unsaturated fatty acids have kinks in their double bonds that create fluidity.

Question 10

phosphatidic acid synthesis

Answer 10

Related to triacylglycerol synthesis pathway.

Question 11

Peripheral proteins

Answer 11

proteins attached only on the outside of the membrane (Usually receptors or play some role in recognition)

Question 12

Integral proteins

Answer 12

span the entire membrane

Question 13

What is the role of cholesterol in bilayers?

Answer 13

Makes the membrane more rigid, but makes the overall membrane more fluid

Question 14

What cellular region is particularly low in cholesterol?

Answer 14

The inner mitochondrial matrix

Question 15

Is the plasma membrane symmetrical?

Answer 15

No. the plasma membrane is asymmetrical.

Question 16

Microtubules are made up of the protein…

Answer 16

tubulin

Question 17

What proteins constitute the intermediate filaments?

Answer 17

Destin, peripherin, and lamin

Question 18

What protein makes up microfilaments

Answer 18

Actin

Question 19

What are polyribosomes? Where are the located?

Answer 19

Polyribosomes are clusters of ribosomes that are located at the junctions of the micotrabecular lattice. They move with the cytoskeleton, which aids in the transport of products of the ribosomes.

Question 20

Mitochondrial inner membrane space

Answer 20

Lower pH, drives ATP synthase, houses the ETC,

Question 21

The electron transport chain

Answer 21

Located on the inner membrane space, and is central to oxidative phosphorylation

Question 22

What are two electron donors for the ETC

Answer 22

NADH, FADH2, also known as reducing equivalents.

Question 23

Where does NADH come from

Answer 23

Glycolysis or the TCA cycle

Question 24

Where does FADH2 come from

Answer 24

Chiefly the TCA cycle

Question 25

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC

Answer 25

oxygen, hence “Oxidative Phosphorylation”

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

Process by which cells are able to internalize compounds or messages into a cell. Receptor mediated-endocytosis occurs when a ligand binds to a receptor, and is internalized. (HDL and LDL are an example/occurs in the liver)