Important hormones for Exam # 1

Question 1

CCK

Answer 1

Cholecystokinin- produced by small intestinal mucosa; stimulated by long chain-fatty acids, amino acids, and oligopeptides; causes gallbladder to contracts, releases pancreatic pro-enzymes, stimulates the production of enterokinase/peptidase (from duodenal epithelial cells)

Question 2

Enteropeptidase

Answer 2

transmembrane protease, initiates zymogen activation cascade by cleaving pancreatic trypsinogen into active trypsin and othe zymogens.

Question 3

Protein Kinase A

Answer 3

PKA, initial kinase that initiates the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase.

Question 4

Creatine Kinase

Answer 4

Located in the muscle tissue, responsible for converting ADP to ATP and reverse by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphocreatine

Question 5

Ptyalin

Answer 5

Salivary alpha- amylase; responsible for the initial degradation of starch; a( 1-4) bonds in starch, dextrins; PSA: Mouth

Question 6

Lingual lipase

Answer 6

present in the saliva, responsible for the degradation of lipids; active in the stomach/small intestines; substrate: triacylglycerol

Question 7

Lysozyme

Answer 7

also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, are glycoside hydrolases.; have immune function

Question 8

Gastric Lipase

Answer 8

SOS: Stomach; PS: medium chain triacylglycerols; PSA: Stomach

Question 9

Pancreatic a-amylase

Answer 9

SOS: Pancreasl a(1-4) bonds in starch, maltotriose; PSA: Small intestine

Question 10

Pepsin/Pepsinogen

Answer 10

SOS:Stomach; PS: carboxyl end of phe, tyr, trp, met, leu, glu, asp; PSA: Stomach

Question 11

Trypsin/trypsinogen`

Answer 11

SOS: Pancreas; PS: carboxyl end of lys, arg; PSA: small intestine

Question 12

chymotrypsinogen/chymotrypsin

Answer 12

SOS: Pancreas PS: phe, tyr, trp, met, asn, his PSA: small intestines

Question 13

isomaltase

Answer 13

The enzyme’s purpose is to digest dietary carbohydrates such as starch, glucose, and isomaltose; present in the brush border.

Question 14

Enteropeptidase

Answer 14

a.k.a enterokinase is an enzyme produced by cells of the duodenum and involved in human and animal digestion. It is secreted from intestinal glands (the crypts of Lieberkühn) following the entry of ingested food passing from the stomach. Enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen (a zymogen) into its active form trypsin, resulting in the subsequent activation of pancreatic digestive enzymes.

Question 15

Gastrin

Answer 15

a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas. Gastrin binds to cholecystokinin B receptors to stimulate the release of histamines in enterochromaffin-like cells, and it induces the insertion of K+/H+ ATPase pumps into the apical membrane of parietal cells (which in turn increases H+ release into the stomach cavity). Its release is stimulated by peptides in the lumen of the stomach.

Question 16

CCK

Answer 16

secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum,[1] the first segment of the small intestine, and causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively. It also acts as a hunger suppressant.

Question 17

Secretin

Answer 17

a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum, which are located in the intestinal glands.[1] In humans, the secretin peptide is encoded by the SCT gene.[2]

Secretin helps regulate the pH of the duodenum by (1) inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and (2) stimulating the production of bicarbonate from the centroacinar cells and intercalated ducts of the pancreas.[3] It also stimulates bile production by the liver; the bile emulsifies dietary fats in the duodenum so that pancreatic lipase can act upon them. Meanwhile, in concert with secretin’s actions, the other main hormone simultaneously issued by the duodenum, cholecystokinin, is stimulating the gallbladder to contract, delivering its stored bile for the same reason.

Question 18

Pepsin/pepsinogen

Answer 18

SOS: Stomach/ PS: Phe, trp, tyr,met, leu, glu, asp PSA:Stomach

Question 19

Carboxypeptidase B

Answer 19

SOS: Pancreas PS: C-terminal basic amino acids/ PSA: Small intestine.

Question 20

Aminopeptidases

Answer 20

SOS: small intestine PS: N-terminal amino acids PSA: small intestines

Question 21

Dipeptidases

Answer 21

SOS: Small intestine PS:dipeptides PSA:small intestines.