Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
What do the B vitamins do in the body?
●The B vitamins are very active in the body
●Some form parts of coenzymes
● assists enzymes in the release of energy.
●Some participate in metabolism and cell multiplication.
What are water soluble vitamins where are they stored? Which vitamins are water soluble?
●Soluble in water ●Not stored in the body (to any degree) ●Most are not toxic ●Excreted by the kidneys in the urine ●Need a constant supply ●B Complex Vitamins ●Vitamin C
What is the name of vitamin B1 and what does it do?
Thiamin (Vit B¹)
●Necessary for energy metabolism
●Deficiency
●Beri-Beri
●Enlarged heart and possible cardiac failure
●Muscular weakness
●Apathy, poor short-term memory, confusion, and irritability
●Anorexia and weight loss
●Wet beriberi presents with edema.
●Dry beriberi presents with muscle wasting
What food sources can vitamin B1 be found in?
●Whole-grain, fortified or enriched grain products
●Pork
●Soy milk
●Moderate amounts in all foods
What is the name of vitamin B2 and what is the outcome of deficiency?
Riboflavin (B2) ●Necessary for energy metabolism Deficiency Disease – ariboflavinosis •Inflamed eyelids, •Sensitivity to light, •Reddening of the cornea ●Cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth (Cheilosis) ●Painful, smooth and purplish red tongue ●Skin lesions covered with greasy scales
What is B2’s food source?
●Food sources
●Liver
●Milk products, including yogurt and cheese
●Enriched and whole grains
What is B3 and what are its deficiencies?
Niacin (B³) ●Functions in energy metabolism ●Deficiency Disease – Pellagra ●Deficiency Symptoms ●Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting ●Inflamed, swollen, smooth and bright red tongue ●Depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, and headache ●Rash when exposed to sunlight
What are the 4D’s and 3M’s in Pellagra?
Pellagra ●Characterized by: ●4 “D’s ” ●Diarrhea ●Dermatitis ●Dementia ●Death
●Caused by: ●3 “M’s” ●Maize ●Molasses ●Meat
What can happen if you have vitamin B3 toxicity?
Niacin Toxicity ●Niacin flush dilates the capillaries and may be painful. ●Toxicity Symptoms ●Painful flush, hives and rash ●Excessive sweating ●Blurred vision ●Liver damage ●Impaired glucose tolerance
What are the food sources of vitamin B3?
●Niacin Food Sources ●Milk ●Eggs, meat, poultry and fish ●Whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals ●Nuts and all protein-containing foods
Can vitamin B3 be made in the body?
Yes, ●Niacin can be made in the body from Tryptophan (amino acid)
●60 Tryptophan = 1 Niacin
What is the name of vitamin B6 and what is necessary for?
Pyridoxine Vitamin B6
●Necessary for fatty acid and amino acid metabolism
●Necessary for the formation of red blood cells
●Necessary for the reaction which converts Tryptophan to Niacin
What is vitamin B6 deficiency?
Vitamin B6 ●Deficiency ●Symptoms ●Scaly dermatitis ●Anemia ●Depression, confusion, ●Convulsions
What vitamin B6 toxicity?
●Vitamin B6 Toxicity
●Toxicity Symptoms
●Depression, fatigue, irritability, and headaches
●Nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to inability to walk
●Convulsions
●Skin lesions
What is vitamin B6 food sources?
●Vitamin B6 Food Sources ●Meats, fish, poultry and liver ●Legumes and soy products ●Non-citrus fruits ●Fortified cereals
What is folate?
●Also known as Folic Acid ●Folate and Neural Tube Defects Neural tube defects include ●Spina Bifida and Anencephaly. ●There are higher recommendations for pregnant women.
Folate and heart disease…
●Folate and Heart Disease
●High levels of homocysteine and low levels of folate increase risk of heart disease.
●Folate breaks down homocysteine.
●Folate may help to prevent cancer.
Folate deficiency and toxicity…
●Deficiency Symptoms ●Macrocytic anemia, ●Smooth, red tongue Folate Toxicity ●Masks vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms
What are the folate food sources?
●“Foliage” ●Fortified grains ●Leafy green vegetables ●Legumes and seeds ●Liver
What is the name of vitamin B 12, and what is it necessary for?
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Vitamin B12 is necessary for: ● the synthesis of new cells, ●maintenance of nerve cells, ●helps break down some fatty acids and amino acids.
What are vitamin B12 deficiencies?
Vitamin B 12
●Deficiency Disease: Pernicious Anemia
●Symptoms
●Anemia
●Fatigue and depression
●Degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis
●Atrophic gastritis in older adults destroys stomach cells,
●which diminishes intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid production.
●Vitamin B12 (extrinsic factor) binds with intrinsic factor in the small intestine for absorption
What are the vitamin B12 food sources?
●Vitamin B12 Food Sources ●Only found in animal products ●Meat, fish, poultry, and shellfish ●Milk, cheese and eggs ●Fortified cereals
What is vitamin C’s name and what are its functions?
●Also known as Ascorbic Acid ●Functions ●As an Antioxidant ●Defends against free radicals ●Protects tissues from oxidative stress ●As a Cofactor in Collagen Formation ●Collagen is used for bones and teeth, scar tissue, and artery walls. ●Works with iron in collagen formation ●Vitamin C needs increase during body stress, i.e.: ●infections, ●burns, ●extremely high or low temperatures, ●certain medications, ●smoking. ●As a Cure for the Common Cold ●Some relief of symptoms
What is vitamin c deficiency?
●Vitamin C Deficiency
●Deficiency disease is called Scurvy
●Deficiency Symptoms
●Anemia – small cell type
●Atherosclerotic plaques and pinpoint hemorrhages
●Bone fragility and joint pain
●Poor wound healing and frequent infections
●Bleeding gums and loosened teeth
●Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, and depression
●Rough skin and blotchy bruises
