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Nutrition > Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

0
Q

What do the B vitamins do in the body?

A

●The B vitamins are very active in the body
●Some form parts of coenzymes
● assists enzymes in the release of energy.
●Some participate in metabolism and cell multiplication.

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1
Q

What are water soluble vitamins where are they stored? Which vitamins are water soluble?

A 
●Soluble in water
●Not stored in the body (to any degree)
●Most are not toxic
●Excreted by the kidneys in the urine
●Need a constant supply
 ●B Complex Vitamins
●Vitamin C
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2
Q

What is the name of vitamin B1 and what does it do?

A

Thiamin (Vit B¹)
●Necessary for energy metabolism
●Deficiency
●Beri-Beri
●Enlarged heart and possible cardiac failure
●Muscular weakness
●Apathy, poor short-term memory, confusion, and irritability
●Anorexia and weight loss
●Wet beriberi presents with edema.
●Dry beriberi presents with muscle wasting

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3
Q

What food sources can vitamin B1 be found in?

A

●Whole-grain, fortified or enriched grain products
●Pork
●Soy milk
●Moderate amounts in all foods

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4
Q

What is the name of vitamin B2 and what is the outcome of deficiency?

A 
Riboflavin (B2)
●Necessary for energy metabolism
 Deficiency Disease – ariboflavinosis
 •Inflamed eyelids,
•Sensitivity to light,
•Reddening of the cornea
●Cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth (Cheilosis)
●Painful, smooth and purplish red tongue
●Skin lesions covered with greasy scales
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5
Q

What is B2’s food source?

A

●Food sources
●Liver
●Milk products, including yogurt and cheese
●Enriched and whole grains

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6
Q

What is B3 and what are its deficiencies?

A 
Niacin (B³)
●Functions in energy metabolism
●Deficiency Disease – Pellagra
●Deficiency Symptoms
●Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting
●Inflamed, swollen, smooth and bright red tongue
●Depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, and headache
●Rash when exposed to sunlight
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7
Q

What are the 4D’s and 3M’s in Pellagra?

A 
Pellagra
●Characterized by:
●4 “D’s ”
●Diarrhea
●Dermatitis
●Dementia
●Death
●Caused by:
●3 “M’s”
●Maize
●Molasses
●Meat
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8
Q

What can happen if you have vitamin B3 toxicity?

A 
Niacin Toxicity
●Niacin flush dilates the capillaries and may be painful.
●Toxicity Symptoms
●Painful flush, hives and rash
●Excessive sweating
●Blurred vision
●Liver damage
●Impaired glucose tolerance
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9
Q

What are the food sources of vitamin B3?

A 
●Niacin Food Sources      
●Milk
●Eggs, meat, poultry and fish
●Whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals
●Nuts and all protein-containing foods
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10
Q

Can vitamin B3 be made in the body?

A

Yes, ●Niacin can be made in the body from Tryptophan (amino acid)
●60 Tryptophan = 1 Niacin

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11
Q

What is the name of vitamin B6 and what is necessary for?

A

Pyridoxine Vitamin B6
●Necessary for fatty acid and amino acid metabolism
●Necessary for the formation of red blood cells
●Necessary for the reaction which converts Tryptophan to Niacin

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12
Q

What is vitamin B6 deficiency?

A 
Vitamin B6
●Deficiency
●Symptoms
●Scaly dermatitis
●Anemia
●Depression, confusion,
●Convulsions
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13
Q

What vitamin B6 toxicity?

A

●Vitamin B6 Toxicity
●Toxicity Symptoms
●Depression, fatigue, irritability, and headaches
●Nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to inability to walk
●Convulsions
●Skin lesions

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14
Q

What is vitamin B6 food sources?

A 
●Vitamin B6 Food Sources
●Meats, fish, poultry and liver
●Legumes and soy products
●Non-citrus fruits
●Fortified cereals
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15
Q

What is folate?

A 
●Also known as Folic Acid
●Folate and Neural Tube Defects
Neural tube defects include
●Spina Bifida and Anencephaly.
●There are higher recommendations for pregnant women.
16
Q

Folate and heart disease…

A

●Folate and Heart Disease
●High levels of homocysteine and low levels of folate increase risk of heart disease.
●Folate breaks down homocysteine.
●Folate may help to prevent cancer.

17
Q

Folate deficiency and toxicity…

A 
●Deficiency Symptoms
●Macrocytic anemia,
●Smooth, red tongue
 Folate Toxicity
●Masks vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms
18
Q

What are the folate food sources?

A 
●“Foliage”    
●Fortified grains
●Leafy green vegetables
●Legumes and seeds
●Liver
19
Q

What is the name of vitamin B 12, and what is it necessary for?

A 
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Vitamin B12 is necessary for:
 ● the synthesis of new cells,
●maintenance of nerve cells,
●helps break down some fatty acids and amino acids.
20
Q

What are vitamin B12 deficiencies?

A

Vitamin B 12
●Deficiency Disease: Pernicious Anemia
●Symptoms
●Anemia
●Fatigue and depression
●Degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis
●Atrophic gastritis in older adults destroys stomach cells,
●which diminishes intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid production.
●Vitamin B12 (extrinsic factor) binds with intrinsic factor in the small intestine for absorption

21
Q

What are the vitamin B12 food sources?

A 
●Vitamin B12 Food Sources
●Only found in animal products
●Meat, fish, poultry, and shellfish
●Milk, cheese and eggs
●Fortified cereals
22
Q

What is vitamin C’s name and what are its functions?

A 
●Also known as Ascorbic Acid
●Functions
●As an Antioxidant
●Defends against free radicals
●Protects tissues from oxidative stress
●As a Cofactor in Collagen Formation    
●Collagen is used for bones and teeth, scar tissue, and artery walls.
●Works with iron in collagen formation
●Vitamin C needs increase during body stress, i.e.:
●infections,
●burns,
●extremely high or low temperatures,
●certain medications,
●smoking.
●As a Cure for the Common Cold
●Some relief of symptoms
23
Q

What is vitamin c deficiency?

A

●Vitamin C Deficiency
●Deficiency disease is called Scurvy
●Deficiency Symptoms
●Anemia – small cell type
●Atherosclerotic plaques and pinpoint hemorrhages
●Bone fragility and joint pain
●Poor wound healing and frequent infections
●Bleeding gums and loosened teeth
●Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, and depression
●Rough skin and blotchy bruises

24
Q

What is vitamin C toxicity?

A 
●Vitamin C Toxicity
●Toxicity Symptoms
●Nausea, abdominal cramps,
●diarrhea, headache,
● fatigue and insomnia
●Hot flashes and rashes
●Interference with medical tests, creating a false positive or a false negative
25
Q

What are vitamin c food sources?

A

●Citrus fruits, cantaloupe, strawberries, papayas and mangoes
●Cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables like green peppers and broccoli, lettuce, tomatoes and potatoes

26
Q

What are the arguments for supplements?

A 
Arguments for Supplements
●Correct Overt Deficiencies
●Support Increased Nutrient Needs  
●Improve Nutrition Status  
●Improve the Body’s Defenses
●Reduce Disease Risks
27
Q

Who needs supplements?

A

●People with nutritional deficiencies
●People with low energy intake – less than 1600 kcalories per day
●Vegans and those with atrophic gastritis need vitamin B12
●People with lactose intolerance, milk allergies, or inadequate intake of dairy foods
●People in certain stages of the life cycle
●Infants need iron and fluoride
●Women of childbearing age need folate
●Pregnant women need folate and iron
●Elderly need vitamins B12 and D
●People with diseases, infections, or injuries, and those who have had surgery that affects nutrient digestion, absorption or metabolism
●People taking medications that interfere with the body’s use of specific nutrients

28
Q

Arguments against supplements…

A

●Misinformation
●Unknown Needs (Toxicity)
●Life-Threatening
●False Sense of Security

29
Q

Regulation of supplements…

A

●Nutritional labeling for supplements is required.
●Labels may make nutrient claims according to specified criteria.
●Labels may claim that lack of a nutrient can cause a deficiency disease and include the prevalence of that disease.
●Labels may make health claims that are supported by significant scientific agreement.
●Labels may claim to diagnose, treat, cure, or relieve common complaints but not make claims about specific diseases.
●Labels may make structure-function claims if accompanied by Food And Drug Administration (FDA) disclaimer.
●Role a nutrient plays in the body
●How the nutrient performs its function
●How consuming the nutrient is associated with general well-being

Nutrition (9 decks)

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