Lipids Flashcards
What are the functions of fat?
Provides a concentrated source of energy (9kcal/gr)
Provides the essential fatty acid( linoleic acid and linoleic acids)
Carries fat soluble vitamins ( vitamins A,D,E,K) and phytochemicals
Provides insulation
Serves as shock absorber
What are lipids, and what does it include?
Lipids are organic compounded, insoluble in water.
The building blocks are fatty acids
They include: fats and oils, phospholipids, and sterols
What are other functions of lipids?
They serve as a component of cell membranes, which provide flexibility to cell membranes.
Does fat increase flavor of food and help absorb and retain flavors from food?
True
What are lipids composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What do triglycerides consist of?
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol base
- triglycerides are 98% of our fat intake
- most of the body fat stores
- transported form of fat, which is then used for energy and tissue maintenance
Saturated fats are…
Hard by nature, Contain animal products, tropical,oils (Palm,coconut), hydrogenated, and increase blood cholesterol
Polyunsaturated fats are…
Liquid, vegetable, less than 1double bond, and lowers total blood cholesterol
monounsaturated fats consist of…
Liquid, vegetable, 1 double bond, lowers blood cholesterol “bad”
What is hydrogenation?
The addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids, which is necessary to make liquid fats solid.
Benefits: improves shelf life, taste, cooking properties
Disadvantages: increase in amt of saturated fats and trans fats
CIs and trans fatty acids
- Are the most common, naturally occurring fatty acids
- trans fats occur when CIs fats are changed during hydrogenation
- trans fats increase blood cholesterol and heart disease risk
- Trans fats increase blood cholesterol and heart disease risk
Omega 3 fatty acids
When saturated fats are replaced with 3FA
Omega 3 fatty acid:lowers LDL without lowering HDL, provides protection against heart disease, stroke, certain types of cancer, and arthritis
Omega 6 fatty acids
When saturated fats are replaced with 6FA: lowers LDL , but also lowers HDL.
Over consumption of fish oils may lead to?
G I upsets
Vitamin A and D toxicity
Easy bruising and increased bleeding
Mercury poising
Fatty acid deficiency
Essential fatty acids: linoleic acid, linolenic acid
- dry scaly skin
- poor growth in infant
- impaired vision and hearing
- liver abnormalities
- poor healing of wounds
