Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
How is Vitamin A converted?
What does Vitamin A deficiency cause?
Beta Carotene & vitamin A is found in what type of food product?
●Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide, is the leading cause of blindness.
●Vitamin A prevalent in animal products
●Plant foods contain β-carotene
●β-carotene is Converted in the body to Vitamin A
What vitamins are fat soluble?
Where are they stored and how can they be toxic?
●Vitamins A, D, E, K
●Soluble in fat
●More likely to be stored in the body
●Very likely to be toxic when large amounts of supplements are consumed.
What are the functions of Vitamin A Retinol?(4)
●Functions in the Body
●Vitamin A in Vision
●Helps to maintain the cornea
●Conversion of light energy into nerve impulses at the retina
●Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment of the retina that contains a protein called opsin.m
What function Vitamin A Retinol? (9)
Functions ●Maintenance of Epithelial cells ●Epithelial tissues on the outside of the body form the skin. ●Epithelial tissues on the inside of the body form the mucous membranes. ●Vitamin A in Reproduction and Growth ●Sperm development in men ●Normal fetal development in women ●Growth in children ●Remodeling of the bone ●The formation and breakdown of bone
Pro-Vitamin A
●Function
●Beta-Carotene as an Antioxidant
●Beta-carotene helps protect the body from diseases, including cancer.
Vitamin A Deficency
Night blindness ●Xerophthalmia ●Blindness as a result of Vitamin A deficiency ●Keratinization ●Rough, dry scaly skin
Vitamin A toxicity
Beta-carotene dyspigmentation ●Liver damage ●Bone malformation and pain ●Birth defects ●Headache, vomiting
Food sources vitamin A
Preformed Vit A
●Liver
●Milk and dairy products
●Eggs
Pro Vitamin A ●(β-Carotene) ●Carrots ●Sweet potatoes ●Pumpkin and squash ●Spinach, green leafy ●Cantaloupe ●Apricots
Vitamin D - Calciferol
●Vitamin or Hormone?
●Acts like a hormone because it is produced in one organ (skin), and affects other organs (intestines and bone)
●Sunshine Vitamin
●Can be produced in the skin with sufficient exposure to sunlight
Vitamin D function
●Bone health
●Works with other nutrients (Vits A, C) to promote bone growth
●Absorption of Calcium and Phosphorus for bone maintenance.
●Minor role in maintenance of immune system, brain and nervous system
Vitamin D Deficiency
●Children - Rickets
●Affects children worldwide
●Deficiency symptoms
●Inadequate calcification of bones
●Growth retardation
●Mis-shapen bones including bowing of the legs
●Enlargement of the ends of long bones
●Deformities of ribs, rachitic rosary of rickets
●Delayed closing of fontanel thus rapid enlargement of the head
More Vitamin D Deficiency
Osteomalacia ●Affects adults ●Soft, flexible, brittle, and deformed bones ●Progressive weakness ●Pain in pelvis, lower back, and legs
Osteoporosis
●Loss of calcium from the bones due to inadequate synthesis of vitamin D
●Results in a reduced bone density
The Elderly
●Deficiency is likely due to inadequate production and activation of vitamin D, a decreased consumption of milk, and having little time in the sun.
●There is an increased risk for bone loss and fractures.
Vitamin D Toxicity
●Calcium deposits in soft tissue
●Heart, lungs, kidneys
●Growth retardation
●Kidney damage
Vitamin D food sources
●Fortified milk, butter, and margarine
●Cereals
●Chocolate mixes
●Veal, beef, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish and their oils
●Vegans may need fortification or supplements if they do not have adequate sun exposure.
Vitamin E Tocopherol
Functions
●As an Antioxidant
●Stops the chain reaction of free radicals
●Protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A
●Protects the oxidation of LDLs
