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geography > Water Management > Flashcards

Water Management Flashcards

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1
Q

what is water used for

A 
drinking
cooking
washing clothes
planting crops
generating power
industries
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2
Q

how much water is freshwater

A

3%, but 2/3 of that is locked in ice-caps and glaciers

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3
Q

why is water unevenly distributed

A

amount of rainfall

rate of water loss through evaporation and transpiration

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4
Q

water stress

A

not enough water to meet people’s needs

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5
Q

3 factors why water stress is increasing

A

Increasing population
climate change - lower rainfall
development - economic development means more water use

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6
Q

water usage in developing countries - agriculture

A

used inefficiently as lots of water is added to fields and they are flooded

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7
Q

water usage in developed countries - agriculture

A

sprinklers supply just enough water to right places

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8
Q

water usage in developing countries - industry

A

water used relatively less

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9
Q

water usage in developed countries - industry

A

millions of litres of water are used for things such as cooling machinery

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10
Q

water usage in developing countries - domestic

A

most people dont have taps and water is collected after walking long distances and this reduces water wasted

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11
Q

water usage in developed countries - domestic

A

people have taps, pools, baths, showers etc…

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12
Q

why has supply and demand for water changed

A

living standards and economic development. People expect to have things like dishwashers and powerful showers

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13
Q

where does Las Vegas get most of its water

A

Lake Mead reservoir

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14
Q

what are the water supply problems in UK

A

supply and demand is not balanced
seasonal imbalance - rains more in winter, less in summer
ageing infrastructure - causes leaky pipes and water loss

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15
Q

what is seasonal imbalance

A

when some months receive far less rain than others.

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16
Q

problems in emerging and developing countries

A

only access to unsafe water
water courses polluted
low rainfall
annual rainfall which varies

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17
Q

problems caused by unsafe water

A

without clean water, you can’t be healthy
lots of deaths ( child dies every 2 mins)
education disrupted if always ill from water
adults cant work if ill
need to use lot of money for medicine if always ill

18
Q

how is pollution created by farming and industry

A

poor farming leaves soil exposed
fertiliser and pesticide = water pollution
mining for metal

19
Q

how is pollution caused by human waste

A

people use water courses to dispose of sewage and poo and some people can’t afford sanitation

20
Q

what is desalination

A

technology used to make sea water available

21
Q

what is the most common desalination

A

reverse osmosis

22
Q

what is reverse osmosis

A

uses pressure and partially permeable membrane to get little water molecules through, leaving large salt molecules behind

23
Q

negatives of desalination

A

not very efficient
waste is very salty water, which is put back in sea
membrane needs to be cleaned often
marine creature killed
uses lots of energy
desalination plants are expensive to make

24
Q

water management methods in UK

A

Hippos
Water metres
Environment agency
plug it

25
Q

what is Hippos

A

sits in cistern of toilet and saves 3L if water every flush

26
Q

is Hippos successful

A

Yes, it saves lots of water

27
Q

What are smart water metres

A

helps you see how much water you used

28
Q

What is environment agency

A

need a license to extract over 20 cubic metres of water

29
Q

Is environment agency successful

A

Yes, people dont use more than 20 cubic meters of water

30
Q

What is Plug it

A

Tells people which device is water efficient

31
Q

Is plug it successful

A

no, people will prefer branded appliances they trust instead

32
Q

what are reservoirs

A

collect water and is used when there is not a lot of rain

33
Q

What is Uk water framework directive

A

monitors water quality and pollution

34
Q

What management methods have been put place in India

A

rainwater harvesting in single houses
Temple tank distilling
Rainwater harvesting in buildings and factories

35
Q

what is rainwater harvesting in single houses

A

rainwater falls on roof and is collected, filtered and charged

36
Q

Is rainwater harvesting in single houses effective

A

Yes, as it is cheap but at times it may not be reliable as it doesn’t rain as much in India

37
Q

what is temple tank distilling

A

acts like a large water tank, allowing local people to get water but costs money

38
Q

is temple tank distilling effective

A

no, costs a lot of money for people to get water

39
Q

what is rainwater harvesting in buildings and factories

A

rainwater is collected from the roof and filtered

40
Q

is rainwater harvesting in buildings and factories effective

A

allows many people to get water, buts costs a lot of money which people do not have

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