ecosystems, biodiversity and management

Question 1

temp of tropical rainforest

Answer 1

27-30 degrees celsius and wet all year

Question 2

temp of tropical grasslands

Answer 2

25-35 degrees celsius and 500-1000mm rainfall

Question 3

temp of deserts

Answer 3

hot all year and very low rainfall

Question 4

temp of temperate grasslands

Answer 4

hot in summer and cold in winter

Question 5

temp of tundra

Answer 5

below 0 degrees most of year

Question 6

how are seasons created

Answer 6

through the tilt of the earth on its axis

Question 7

Why precipitation is high in mountains

Answer 7

high mountains force air to rise and cool as it passes over them.

Question 8

vegetation of tropical rainforest

Answer 8

huge variety of broadleaved plants. Trees dominate other plants

Question 9

vegetation of tropical grasslands

Answer 9

tall grass with some trees and shrubs

Question 10

vegetation of temperate grasslands

Answer 10

very few trees or shrubs

Question 11

vegetation of deserts

Answer 11

plants with water storing features and extensive root system

Question 12

vegetation of temperate forest

Answer 12

deciduous trees

Question 13

vegetation of boreal forests

Answer 13

coniferous trees

Question 14

vegetation of the tundra

Answer 14

mostly lichens and mosses

Question 15

what 3 factors affect distribution

Answer 15

altitude, soils, humans

Question 16

how altitude affects distribution

Answer 16

temperature drops 1 degree for every 100m gained

Question 17

how soils affect distribution

Answer 17

characteristics of ecosystem change by different type of soil or soil conditions

Question 18

how humans affect distribution

Answer 18

Human activities alter local characteristics of ecosystems

Question 19

what are the resources of the biosphere

Answer 19

Food - fruits/veg/meat
Medicine - plants have medicinal properties
Fuel resources - wood/biofuels
Building materials - timber/animal poo

Question 20

abiotic

Answer 20

non living parts of an ecosystem such as water and light

Question 21

biotic

Answer 21

living parts of an ecosystem such as plants and animals

Question 22

what are woodlands

Answer 22

land covered with trees

Question 23

moorlands

Answer 23

found in upland areas. Rough grasslands and peat bogs

Question 24

wetlands

Answer 24

low nutrient and waterlogged soils

Question 25

heathlands

Answer 25

some are dry and sandy, others are marshy

Question 26

What are marine ecosystems used for

Answer 26

recreation tourism commercial fishing energy production

Question 27

benefits of marine ecosystem

Answer 27

tourism fishing oil offshore wind farms

Question 28

human activities damaging marine

Answer 28

overfishing offshore wind farms eutrophication - when water becomes enriched with nutrients

Question 29

Characteristics of tropical rainforests

Answer 29

deciduous trees tall trees with shallow roots stratification soils low in nutrients

Question 30

rainforest goods

Answer 30

medicine oxygen timber such as rosewood food

Question 31

rainforest services

Answer 31

maintaining biodiversity recreation home to indigenous people forest canopy protects soil

Question 32

characteristics of rainforest

Answer 32

no canopy in dry season trees have deep roots lack of vegetation falling leaves make deep litter layer

Question 33

What happens as conditions of TRF get warmer and drier

Answer 33

plant species which are suited to these conditions would out compete TRF species

Question 34

Why does deforestation occur in TRF

Answer 34

to sell timber, for mining and to make space for farms

Question 35

what is the second main cause of deforestation

Answer 35

commercial logging

Question 36

why are there strict controls on logging

Answer 36

high demand of rosewood, people are very poor and logging pays well and corruption

Question 37

Key characteristics of deciduous woodlands

Answer 37

deciduous trees young trees grow where there are canopy gaps deeproot systems to access groundwater and nutrient soil with well developed hummus layer at top

Question 38

adaptations of oak trees

Answer 38

large trees spread their branches to get most sunlight enormous root systems

Question 39

what are the 3 adaptations of animals

Answer 39

migration-birds move mouth for warmer winter conditions Hibernation - so animals only need little energy to live Food storage

Question 40

threats to deciduous woodlands

Answer 40

milder winters increased risk of drought increases risk of fire

Question 41

how milder winters are a threat to deciduous woodlands

Answer 41

processes triggered by cold temp are disconnected and some species are not adapted

Question 42

how increases risk of drought is a threat to deciduous woodlands

Answer 42

trees are not adapted to more frequent droughts every year

Question 43

how increased risk of fire is a threat to deciduous woodlands

Answer 43

deciduous woodlands are not adapted

Question 44

affects of climate change on biodiversity

Answer 44

species have to migrate | Some species might go extinct, reducing biodiversity

Question 45

economic causes of deforestation

Answer 45

timber extraction agricultural change farming

Question 46

social causes of deforestation

Answer 46

population increase make new houses and buildings number of vehicles increased

Question 47

who are rainforests in Madagascar owned by

Answer 47

mostly by the Government

Question 48

what is ecotourism

Answer 48

a group of local wildlife guides, employed to take tourists round to the Analamozoatra reserve ,planned a community based nature tourism association

Question 49

how much money does ecotourism bring

Answer 49

1/3 of the associations income

Question 50

how has ecotourism protected the rainforests in Madagascar

Answer 50

members patrol 10,000 hectares of their reserve area to look out for illegal logging and snares for animals