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geography > changing cities > Flashcards

changing cities Flashcards

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1
Q

site

A

the site of a settlement/ city refers to the land it was built on, and the physical nature of this land

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2
Q

situation

A

the situation of a settlement is its position in relation to the surrounding human and physical features

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3
Q

connectivity

A

the way that a city/settlement is connected or linked to other settlements

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4
Q

effects of high rates of urbanisation in developed countries

A

overcrowded cities
not enough space on public transport
increasing house prices due to more people in need of houses
not enough places in schools due to increasing population

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5
Q

effects of high rates of urbanisation in developing countries

A

only old people left in the countryside
people build their own homes
very little jobs
not enough places in schools

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6
Q

why cities in emerging and developing countries are growing so fast

A

natural increase
migration

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7
Q

what is the CBD

A

the centre of the city

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8
Q

what is found in the CBD

A

shops, offices, government buildings and entertainment

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9
Q

what is the inner city/zone of transition

A

just outside of the CBD

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10
Q

what is found in the inner city

A

residential and small light industry

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11
Q

what is the inner city/working class housing

A

semi-detached or detached houses

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12
Q

what is found in the inner city/working class housing

A

residential, parks, schools and hospitals

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13
Q

what is the suburbs

A

outskirts of the city

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14
Q

what is found in the suburbs

A

residential

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15
Q

what is the rural urban fringe

A

mostly green belt land and outskirts of the city

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16
Q

what is found in the rural urban fringe

A

additional housing and shops

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17
Q

why is the suburbs desirable

A

no noise and pollution

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18
Q

what is counter urbanisation

A

movement of people from cities to countryside seeking better quality of life

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19
Q

what is suburbanisation

A

process by which people, factories, offices and shops move out from central areas of cities and into the suburbs

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20
Q

what is re-urbanisation

A

process whereby towns and cities have been experiencing a loss of population are able to reverse the decline and begin to grown again

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21
Q

why counter urbanisation happens

A

push - congestion, pollution, cost, criminal activity
pull - better quality of life, less pollution and more space

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22
Q

why suburbanisation happens

A

pull - new houses and services for more people
push - tired of city life, pollution

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23
Q

why re-urbanisation happens

A

closer to city centre, more private funding

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24
Q

positive impacts of counter urbanisation

A

people can live a calmer life and development of other services

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25
Q

negative impacts of counter urbanisation

A

rising house prices, rise in pollution and less close to city

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26
Q

positive impacts of suburbanisation

A

increased transport availability

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27
Q

negative impacts of suburbanisation

A

more expensive
more congestion, more pollution as people have to drive further to work

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28
Q

positive impacts of re-urbanisation

A

closer to public services and more leisure areas to relax

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29
Q

negative impacts of re-urbanisation

A

city is more busy and needs lots of money

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30
Q

reasons for national migration

A

retirement and job prospects

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31
Q

deindustrialisation

A

decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competitions from other countries

32
Q

causes of deindustrialisation

A

cheaper land and labour
fast and cheap transport
withdrawl of government support

33
Q

positives of deindustrialisation

A

higher incomes
environmental benefits

34
Q

negatives of deindustrialisation

A

unemployment
higher levels of social issues

35
Q

reasons for deprivation in Manchester

A

older houses have damp which leads to health issues
low paying and part time jobs
high unemployment
poorer schools and health provision in inner city
jobs too far
people arriving too quickly

36
Q

quality of life

A

the degree of well being felt by an individual or group of people in an area. It relates to jobs, wages, food and access to services

37
Q

quality of life index

A

purchasing power index
safety index
healthcare index
climate index
cost of living index
property price : income
traffic and commute time index
pollution index

38
Q

why people move to Manchester

A

university, lower cost of living

39
Q

why people move out of Manchester

A

jobs

40
Q

cultural significance of Manchester

A

restaurants, art galleries, football, clothing, universities

41
Q

dispersed settlement pattern

A

where buildings are spread out and is often found in upland areas such as farms

42
Q

nucleated settlement pattern

A

where lots of buildings are grouped together and is often found in lowland areas, around a water supply or roads

43
Q

linear settlement pattern

A

where buildings are built in lines and is often found on steep hillsides, along roads or coastlines

44
Q

why shops are closing down

A

department stores and banks gone online as well as restaurants

45
Q

sustainability

A

meeting the needs of today without comprimising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

46
Q

site of Manchester

A

NW England as it gives Manchester good transport links

47
Q

situation of Manchester

A

northwest of england

48
Q

population of Manchester

A

2,770,434

49
Q

positives of Trafford Centre

A

bus station, safe environment, range of services, provides more jobs

50
Q

negative of Trafford Centre

A

lot of traffic
restricted public transport

51
Q

strategies to increase sustainability of Manchester

A

recycling
transport
health
education

52
Q

recycling in Manchester

A

1000 free bins given out
one bin for all plastics
causes less pollution
natural resources will last longer

53
Q

Transport in Manchester

A

public transport encouraged
use of electric vehicles encouraged
no emission zone introduced
120,000,00 funded by government
low emission cars encouraged
more electric charging stations
new walking and cycling paths introduced

54
Q

Health in Manchester

A

surveys to see what to improve
cut smokers by 1/3
improve well being of 2.8million people

55
Q

education in Manchester

A

greater Manchester learning partnership aims to reduce absences and increase engagement.

save our soils
youth action on climate change
Manchester environmental education network

56
Q

what is the site of Nairobi

A

it is in the centre of Kenya which gives it good connectivity

57
Q

what is the situation of Nairobi

A

South West of Africa and on the equator

58
Q

connectivity of Nairobi

A

headquarters of several regional railways and harbours and airways

59
Q

what is the regional context of Nairobi

A

it has railways, universities and agriculture

60
Q

what is the national context of Nairobi

A

universities

61
Q

What is the global context of Nairobi

A

trading of beverages, cigarettes and food

62
Q

what are the causes of rapid urbanisation in Nairobi

A

better education, literacy rate is 98%
lots of houses
high employment rate
less poverty than other areas
more schools, hospitals and services

63
Q

What are the impacts of rapid urbanisation in Nairobi

A

poor sanitation
poor housing
more diseases
more poverty
more crime
increased death rate

64
Q

what is the population of Nairobi

A

4.9 million, 22 % of which live in poverty

65
Q

what is the name of the informal economy in Nairobi

A

Jua Kali

66
Q

what does Jua Kali do

A

it helps people afford goods as they are cheaper, but labour is intensive.

Also provides employment to those who would’ve otherwise been unemployed

67
Q

what are the advantages of Jua Kali

A

people don’t pay tax
affordable goods
high employment- 500,000
no rent needed on shops

68
Q

what are the disadvantages of Jua Kali

A

low quality jobs
limited resources
worse education
inconsistent pay
services are affected
many people are not payed

69
Q

what policies have the government introduced to improve the quality of life

A

rehabilitating street children,
free education policy,
urban refugee policy,
agriculture policy

70
Q

why does inequality grow with the growth of Nairobi

A

as Nairobi grows, there is an increase in costs and house prices and therefore there are more poor people and inequality

71
Q

what are the characteristics of Kibera

A

cheapest place to live in Nairobi
lots of assault and rape
lots of dieseases
lots of slums and broken houses
no water or electricity
over crowded houses

72
Q

what top down and bottom up strategies are being used in Nairobi to improve the quality of life

A

community and low cost housing - top down

self help schemes - bottom up

site and service schemes - top down

pamoja trust - bottom up

73
Q

how does community and low cost housing improve the quality of life

A

Government works with private lenders and charities to loan money to the poor so they can afford to live in better quality housing

74
Q

how do self help schemes improve the quality of life in Nairobi

A

new toilets, more condoms, new petrol stations, new water pipes and electricity have all been introduced

75
Q

how do site and service schemes improve the quality of life

A

US aid and the world bank have sponsors to help to upgrade the slums

76
Q

how does the Pamoja Trust improve the quality of life

A

it provides a voice for slum dwellers

it helps with the negotiations between landlords, councils to help improve conditions in slums

enumeration and setting up saving schemes

upgrading informal settlements

geography (12 decks)

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