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changing cities Flashcards

1
Q

site

A

the site of a settlement/ city refers to the land it was built on, and the physical nature of this land

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2
Q

situation

A

the situation of a settlement is its position in relation to the surrounding human and physical features

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3
Q

connectivity

A

the way that a city/settlement is connected or linked to other settlements

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4
Q

effects of high rates of urbanisation in developed countries

A

overcrowded cities
not enough space on public transport
increasing house prices due to more people in need of houses
not enough places in schools due to increasing population

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5
Q

effects of high rates of urbanisation in developing countries

A

only old people left in the countryside
people build their own homes
very little jobs
not enough places in schools

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6
Q

why cities in emerging and developing countries are growing so fast

A

natural increase
migration

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7
Q

what is the CBD

A

the centre of the city

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8
Q

what is found in the CBD

A

shops, offices, government buildings and entertainment

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9
Q

what is the inner city/zone of transition

A

just outside of the CBD

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10
Q

what is found in the inner city

A

residential and small light industry

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11
Q

what is the inner city/working class housing

A

semi-detached or detached houses

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12
Q

what is found in the inner city/working class housing

A

residential, parks, schools and hospitals

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13
Q

what is the suburbs

A

outskirts of the city

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14
Q

what is found in the suburbs

A

residential

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15
Q

what is the rural urban fringe

A

mostly green belt land and outskirts of the city

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16
Q

what is found in the rural urban fringe

A

additional housing and shops

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17
Q

why is the suburbs desirable

A

no noise and pollution

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18
Q

what is counter urbanisation

A

movement of people from cities to countryside seeking better quality of life

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19
Q

what is suburbanisation

A

process by which people, factories, offices and shops move out from central areas of cities and into the suburbs

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20
Q

what is re-urbanisation

A

process whereby towns and cities have been experiencing a loss of population are able to reverse the decline and begin to grown again

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21
Q

why counter urbanisation happens

A

push - congestion, pollution, cost, criminal activity
pull - better quality of life, less pollution and more space

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22
Q

why suburbanisation happens

A

pull - new houses and services for more people
push - tired of city life, pollution

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23
Q

why re-urbanisation happens

A

closer to city centre, more private funding

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24
Q

positive impacts of counter urbanisation

A

people can live a calmer life and development of other services

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25
negative impacts of counter urbanisation
rising house prices, rise in pollution and less close to city
26
positive impacts of suburbanisation
increased transport availability
27
negative impacts of suburbanisation
more expensive more congestion, more pollution as people have to drive further to work
28
positive impacts of re-urbanisation
closer to public services and more leisure areas to relax
29
negative impacts of re-urbanisation
city is more busy and needs lots of money
30
reasons for national migration
retirement and job prospects
31
deindustrialisation
decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competitions from other countries
32
causes of deindustrialisation
cheaper land and labour fast and cheap transport withdrawl of government support
33
positives of deindustrialisation
higher incomes environmental benefits
34
negatives of deindustrialisation
unemployment higher levels of social issues
35
reasons for deprivation in Manchester
older houses have damp which leads to health issues low paying and part time jobs high unemployment poorer schools and health provision in inner city jobs too far people arriving too quickly
36
quality of life
the degree of well being felt by an individual or group of people in an area. It relates to jobs, wages, food and access to services
37
quality of life index
purchasing power index safety index healthcare index climate index cost of living index property price : income traffic and commute time index pollution index
38
why people move to Manchester
university, lower cost of living
39
why people move out of Manchester
jobs
40
cultural significance of Manchester
restaurants, art galleries, football, clothing, universities
41
dispersed settlement pattern
where buildings are spread out and is often found in upland areas such as farms
42
nucleated settlement pattern
where lots of buildings are grouped together and is often found in lowland areas, around a water supply or roads
43
linear settlement pattern
where buildings are built in lines and is often found on steep hillsides, along roads or coastlines
44
why shops are closing down
department stores and banks gone online as well as restaurants
45
sustainability
meeting the needs of today without comprimising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
46
site of Manchester
NW England as it gives Manchester good transport links
47
situation of Manchester
northwest of england
48
population of Manchester
2,770,434
49
positives of Trafford Centre
bus station, safe environment, range of services, provides more jobs
50
negative of Trafford Centre
lot of traffic restricted public transport
51
strategies to increase sustainability of Manchester
recycling transport health education
52
recycling in Manchester
1000 free bins given out one bin for all plastics causes less pollution natural resources will last longer
53
Transport in Manchester
public transport encouraged use of electric vehicles encouraged no emission zone introduced 120,000,00 funded by government low emission cars encouraged more electric charging stations new walking and cycling paths introduced
54
Health in Manchester
surveys to see what to improve cut smokers by 1/3 improve well being of 2.8million people
55
education in Manchester
greater Manchester learning partnership aims to reduce absences and increase engagement. save our soils youth action on climate change Manchester environmental education network
56
what is the site of Nairobi
it is in the centre of Kenya which gives it good connectivity
57
what is the situation of Nairobi
South West of Africa and on the equator
58
connectivity of Nairobi
headquarters of several regional railways and harbours and airways
59
what is the regional context of Nairobi
it has railways, universities and agriculture
60
what is the national context of Nairobi
universities
61
What is the global context of Nairobi
trading of beverages, cigarettes and food
62
what are the causes of rapid urbanisation in Nairobi
better education, literacy rate is 98% lots of houses high employment rate less poverty than other areas more schools, hospitals and services
63
What are the impacts of rapid urbanisation in Nairobi
poor sanitation poor housing more diseases more poverty more crime increased death rate
64
what is the population of Nairobi
4.9 million, 22 % of which live in poverty
65
what is the name of the informal economy in Nairobi
Jua Kali
66
what does Jua Kali do
it helps people afford goods as they are cheaper, but labour is intensive. Also provides employment to those who would've otherwise been unemployed
67
what are the advantages of Jua Kali
people don't pay tax affordable goods high employment- 500,000 no rent needed on shops
68
what are the disadvantages of Jua Kali
low quality jobs limited resources worse education inconsistent pay services are affected many people are not payed
69
what policies have the government introduced to improve the quality of life
rehabilitating street children, free education policy, urban refugee policy, agriculture policy
70
why does inequality grow with the growth of Nairobi
as Nairobi grows, there is an increase in costs and house prices and therefore there are more poor people and inequality
71
what are the characteristics of Kibera
cheapest place to live in Nairobi lots of assault and rape lots of dieseases lots of slums and broken houses no water or electricity over crowded houses
72
what top down and bottom up strategies are being used in Nairobi to improve the quality of life
community and low cost housing - top down self help schemes - bottom up site and service schemes - top down pamoja trust - bottom up
73
how does community and low cost housing improve the quality of life
Government works with private lenders and charities to loan money to the poor so they can afford to live in better quality housing
74
how do self help schemes improve the quality of life in Nairobi
new toilets, more condoms, new petrol stations, new water pipes and electricity have all been introduced
75
how do site and service schemes improve the quality of life
US aid and the world bank have sponsors to help to upgrade the slums
76
how does the Pamoja Trust improve the quality of life
it provides a voice for slum dwellers it helps with the negotiations between landlords, councils to help improve conditions in slums enumeration and setting up saving schemes upgrading informal settlements

geography (12 decks)

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