Water & Life Flashcards
Water/Polarity
Water is polar because of its shape. The hydrogen ends of the molecule are positive and the oxygen end is negative.
Hydrogen bonding
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
Surface tension
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.
Capillary action
Adhesion + Cohesion
High specific heat
Water has a high specific heat, meaning it takes more energy to increase the temperature of water compared to other substances.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor
Ice structure
an imperfection consisting usually of a group of cracks about an included foreign body in a diamond or other gem.
Density
The quantity of something per unit volume, unit area, or unit length
Ionic dissolution
The idea of ionization of a salt by a solvent
Bc more bonds, more stable
Universal Solvent
A universal solvent theoretically dissolves any other chemical.
Water is often called the universal solvent because it dissolves more chemicals than any other solvent. However, water only dissolves other polar molecules. It does not dissolve nonpolar molecules, including organic compounds such as fats and oils.
Hydrophobic
Having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
Hydrophillic
Materials with a special affinity for water — those it spreads across, maximizing contact
Amphipathic
(of a molecule, especially a protein) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Acids
Loose bonds
Drops protons into a solution.
PH 1-6
Positively charged
Bases
Donates hydroxide ions
PH 8-14
Negatively charged
Hydronium ion (H+)
A water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it; H[]O[], commonly represented as H[].
PH Scale
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H[]] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
Buffers
Organic substances that maintain a constant pH over a given range by neutralizing the effects of hydrogen ions.
