Carbon: The Backbone of Life

Question 1

Carbon

Answer 1

One of the most diverse molecules on the planet that can form up to four independent bonds.

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 3

Tetrahedral Carbon

Answer 3

When a carbon atom has four single bonds to other atoms, the molecule is tetrahedral.

Question 4

Isomers

Answer 4

One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and enantiomers.

Question 5

Structural Isomers (branching)

Answer 5

Isomers that have the same formula but different structures.

Question 6

Optical Isomers (Encantiomers)-chirality

Answer 6

An isomer where the molecules cannot be superimposed on each other.

Question 7

Geometric Isomers (cis vs trans)

Answer 7

each of two or more compounds which differ from each other in the arrangement of groups with respect to a double bond, ring, or other rigid structure.

Cis- methyl groups on the same side

Trans- methyl groups on opposite sides

Question 8

Functional Groups

Answer 8

A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions.

Question 9

Alcohol (hydroxyl: -OH)

Answer 9

A type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom.

Question 10

Carbonyl Groups
Aldehyde/ketone

Answer 10

A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Aldehyde- front/end of molecule
Ketone- between carbons/somewhere in middle of molecule

Question 11

Carboxylic acids (carboxyl: -COOH)

Answer 11

An organic acid that contains a carboxyl group attached to an R-group.

Question 12

Amine (amino: -NH2)

Answer 12

any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3).

Question 13

Thiol (-SH)

Answer 13

also called mercaptan, any of a class of organic chemical compounds similar to the alcohols and phenols but containing a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen atom.

Question 14

Phosphate (PO4)3-

Answer 14

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond). One of these oxygen atoms must be bonded to another atom; if not, the structure is a phosphate ion.

Question 15

Alkane bond

Answer 15

Single carbon bonds

Question 16

Alkene

Answer 16

Double Carbon Bonds

Question 17

Alkyne

Answer 17

Triple Carbon Bonds

Question 18

Ethane

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Propane

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Butane

Answer 20

4

Question 21

Who discovered encantiomers?

Answer 21

Louis Pasteur using carbon crystals