The Chemical Context of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that’s takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

The smallest unit of matter that maintains the properties of an element

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions.

Question 4

Molecules

Answer 4

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 5

Mass

Answer 5

Mass is a scientific term used to describe the density and type of atoms in any given object
Measurement of an amount of matter
Kg

Question 6

Weight

Answer 6

W=MG
Gravity’s exerted force upon mass

Question 7

Density

Answer 7

The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
D=M÷V

Question 8

Periodic Table

Answer 8

A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.

Question 9

What are the core elements of life?

Answer 9

C H O N

Question 10

Temperature vs Heat

Answer 10

Heat is the total energy of the motion of the molecules of a substance, whereas temperature refers to the measure of the average energy of the motions of the molecules in the substance.

Question 11

Metric system

Answer 11

International system of measurement

Question 12

Atom

Answer 12

The smallest unit of matter that maintains the properties of an element.

Question 13

Proton

Answer 13

A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 x 100 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 14

Neutron

Answer 14

A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), with a mass of about 1.7 x 10☐☐☐ g, found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 15

Electron

Answer 15

A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.

Question 16

Atomic Mass

Answer 16

The total mass of an atom
Gram equivalent of atomic mass=molar mass.
(For an element with more than one isotope, the atomic mass is the average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes, weighted by their abundance.)

Question 17

Atomic Number

Answer 17

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript.

Question 18

Isotopes

Answer 18

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass.

Question 19

Average Atomic Mass

Answer 19

The weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.

Question 20

Radiation

Answer 20

Energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves.

Question 21

Bohr Model

Answer 21

The Bohr Model is a structural model of an atom. The model was proposed by physicist Niels Bohr in 1913.

Question 22

Lewis Dot Diagram

Answer 22

A Lewis Structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule

Question 23

Mole

Answer 23

The SI unit of amount of substance of a chemical system that contains as many elementary unit as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12. Symbol: mol.

Question 24

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 24

The number of units in one mole of any substance (defined as its molecular weight in grams), equal to 6.02214076 × 10E23.

Question 25

Molecular Mass

Answer 25

The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular mass

Question 26

Quantum (orbital) theory

Answer 26

A conceptual extension of the orbital model, which was so successfully applied to atomic structure.
S & P

Question 27

Electronegativity

Answer 27

The attraction of a given atom for the electrons

Question 28

Valence (octet rule)

Answer 28

Tendency of an atom to complete outer most shell
Most stable when outermost shell is full.

Question 29

Bond

Answer 29

a force of attraction between atoms or ions.

Question 30

Ionic Bond

Answer 30

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Form between atoms with extreme differences in EN

Question 31

Ion

Answer 31

An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge.

Question 32

Covalent Bond

Answer 32

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Closer in EN diff, little to no diff

Question 33

Polarity

Answer 33

A lack of symmetry; uneven sharing between electrons in covalent bond

Question 34

Non-polar

Answer 34

No positive or negative poles formed in the molecule. Atoms that have a similar value of electronegativity

Question 35

Hydrogen Bond (O, N, F with H only)

Answer 35

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
EN atoms are O & N

Question 36

Shapes?

Answer 36

Shape of molecule is based on organism of electrons’ forces upon each other