Evolution, the Themes of Biology & Scientific Inquiry

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

Study of Knowledge
System of Knowledge using the scientific method

Question 2

Scientific Method

Answer 2

Problem ☛ Data ☛ Hypothesis ☛ Law
⇡ ⇣ ⇣
←←←←←← Theory

A mathematical and experimental technique employed in the sciences based on a series of observations.

Question 3

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 3

A method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the general.

Observational

(Less reliable)

Question 4

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 4

A method of drawing conclusions by going from general to the specific.

If ☛ then

Testable

Question 5

Data

Answer 5

Information that has been translated into a form that is efficient for movement or processing.

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

A testable, controllable and falsifiable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory.

Question 7

Theory

Answer 7

Best explanation for observed phenomenon. A conditional fact that could be proven wrong, but rarely does.

Question 8

Life

Answer 8

Any system capable of performing functions such as eating, metabolizing, excreting, breathing, moving, growing, reproducing, and responding to external stimuli.

Question 9

Organization

Answer 9

Has definite shape and structure

Question 10

Biosphere

Answer 10

The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.

Question 11

Ecosystem

Answer 11

The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.

Question 12

Community

Answer 12

All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.

Question 13

Population

Answer 13

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.

Question 14

Organism

Answer 14

A form of life composed of mutually interdependent parts that maintain various vital processes.

Question 15

Organ

Answer 15

A grouping of tissues into a distinct structure, as a heart or kidney in animals or a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs a specialized task.

Question 16

Tissue

Answer 16

Any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.

Question 17

Cell

Answer 17

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.

Question 18

Organelle

Answer 18

Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.

Question 19

Molecule

Answer 19

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 20

Atom

Answer 20

The smallest unit of matter retains the properties of an element.

Question 21

Sub-atomic

Answer 21

a particle which is smaller than an atom in size.

Question 22

Metabolism

Answer 22

The chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.

Question 23

Anabolism

Answer 23

A biochemical process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine or build up to generate complex molecules. Negatively charged, addition of electrons.

Question 24

Catabolism

Answer 24

All chemical or enzymatic reactions involved in the breakdown of organic or inorganic materials such as proteins, sugars, fatty acids, etc. Positively charged, removal of electrons.

Question 25

Energy

Answer 25

The ability to do work.

Question 26

Producers

Answer 26

Photosynthesizing organisms. Organisms that can make their own food.

Question 27

Consumers

Answer 27

Any organism that can’t make its own food. Consumers have to feed on producers or other consumers to survive.

Question 28

Recyclers

Answer 28

Decomposers

Question 29

Response to Stimuli

Answer 29

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.)as a result of a stimulus.

Question 30

Reproduction

Answer 30

A reaction in which electrons are added to a compound.

Question 31

Growth

Answer 31

The increases in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism.

Question 32

Adaptation

Answer 32

Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

Question 33

Evolution (Darwin)

Answer 33

Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation. Natural selection.

Question 34

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 34

The first experiment done correctly, using the scientific method. Disproven by Franceso Redi in 1668 observing the hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter.

Question 35

Taxonomy

Answer 35

DKPCOFGS
Diddy. Domain
Kong. Kingdom
Poops. Phylum
Carefully. Class
Over. Order
Foreign. Family
Ground. Genus
Silently. Species

Question 36

Lamarck vs. Darwin

Answer 36

Lamarck inheritance of aquired characteristics whereas Darwinism is based on variation directly caused by an environmental cue and resulting in a specific response to that cue

Question 37

Domain

Answer 37

(1) A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
(2) A discrete structural and functional region of a protein.

Question 38

Prokaryote

Answer 38

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.

Question 39

Eukaryote

Answer 39

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.

Question 40

Miller-Urey Experiment

Answer 40

Experiment by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey replicating the conditions of primal earth in a chamber, revealing amino acids as the building blocks of life.

Question 41

Cell

Answer 41

Fundamental unit of life, contains heritable information.