Water conflicts + GERD DAM CASE STUDY Flashcards
How much water is required to grow 1 medium avocadoes?
2,000 litres
When was the privatisation of water in CHILE?
- ‘water code’ notes water as a commodity.
What have local companies accused larger companies of doing in Petorca, Chile?
WATER THEFT.
Evidence of illegal pipelines diverting water to big producers (mines, agriculture).
How do the Avocado farmers of Petorca, Chile suffer from this conflict?
Rely on water delivered by truckloads.
rivers dry up.
How does the physical geography of Gaza impact water scarcity?
Has a 2 year cycle - 1 wet winter, 1 dry winter. - can’t recharge.
Desertification - current issue.
61% rainfall lost to evaporation before infiltration.
How does the human geography of Gaza impact water scarcity?
population of 1.4 million.
Israel - tapping Gaza’s aquifer.
Aquifer faces salination + pollution from agricultural chemicals.
In 2009 - what did Amnesty international report about water in Gaza?
90-95% of water - unfit for human consumption.
How is there water inequality within Gaza?
Palestinians - access to 91 litres per day.
Israelis = 280 litres.
What precautions have been taken in Gaza to reduce water stress?
Rafah - waste water plant built from scraps. predicted to last 5 years.
More permanent waste water plant under construction - parts will need to be imported - travel through Israel.
How much has the UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) predicted to restore Gaza’s aquifer?
$1.5 billion
over 20 years.
How reliant are countries on the Nile - 2 facts.
11 states within the nile river basin
Egypt relies on the Nile for 95% of its water.
What is the history of the controls of the Nile?
controlled by a colonial treaty between Egypt and Sudan - gives almost all Nile’s water to those countries.
When did Ethiopia claim the right to the Nile’s waters?
2011.
Outline the GERD Dam
GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM
Only recently had political and financial strength to undertake project.
Estimated cost of $5bn.
How much energy will the GERD dam produce?
16,000 gigawatt hours per year.
what did a 2017 report suggest -
Restrict nile’s flow up to 25%
What was the result of the Arab Springs 2018 for the dam?
Project leader was murdered.
What percentage of Egypt’s population lives around the Nile?
95%
What is the signficance of the Nile river NOW to Egypt?
A limitation
Not enough water for growing population.
Has to import 1/2 of its food.
Holding back development!
How will the Gerd dam impact Ethiopia’s economy?
Export excess power
4bn dollars possible to be made from electrifying small farms alone.
What are the impacts of the Dam on Egypt?
Concerns - Ethiopia have control over Egypt.
ST issue - once dam is full, normal flow will resume.
If the Dam is filled in 10 years, the water deficit will be…
down by 14%
18% loss in agriculture.
If the Dam is filled in 5 years, the water deficit will be…
down by 36%
with a 50% loss in agriculture.
What percentage of the population are without electricity?
66%
