Water conflicts + GERD DAM CASE STUDY

Question 1

How much water is required to grow 1 medium avocadoes?

Answer 1

2,000 litres

Question 2

When was the privatisation of water in CHILE?

Answer 2

1981. • ‘water code’ notes water as a commodity.

Question 3

What have local companies accused larger companies of doing in Petorca, Chile?

Answer 3

WATER THEFT.
Evidence of illegal pipelines diverting water to big producers (mines, agriculture).

Question 4

How do the Avocado farmers of Petorca, Chile suffer from this conflict?

Answer 4

Rely on water delivered by truckloads.
rivers dry up.

Question 5

How does the physical geography of Gaza impact water scarcity?

Answer 5

Has a 2 year cycle - 1 wet winter, 1 dry winter. - can’t recharge.
Desertification - current issue.
61% rainfall lost to evaporation before infiltration.

Question 6

How does the human geography of Gaza impact water scarcity?

Answer 6

population of 1.4 million.
Israel - tapping Gaza’s aquifer.
Aquifer faces salination + pollution from agricultural chemicals.

Question 7

In 2009 - what did Amnesty international report about water in Gaza?

Answer 7

90-95% of water - unfit for human consumption.

Question 8

How is there water inequality within Gaza?

Answer 8

Palestinians - access to 91 litres per day.
Israelis = 280 litres.

Question 9

What precautions have been taken in Gaza to reduce water stress?

Answer 9

Rafah - waste water plant built from scraps. predicted to last 5 years.
More permanent waste water plant under construction - parts will need to be imported - travel through Israel.

Question 10

How much has the UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) predicted to restore Gaza’s aquifer?

Answer 10

$1.5 billion
over 20 years.

Question 11

How reliant are countries on the Nile - 2 facts.

Answer 11

11 states within the nile river basin
Egypt relies on the Nile for 95% of its water.

Question 12

What is the history of the controls of the Nile?

Answer 12

controlled by a colonial treaty between Egypt and Sudan - gives almost all Nile’s water to those countries.

Question 13

When did Ethiopia claim the right to the Nile’s waters?

Answer 13

2011.

Question 14

Outline the GERD Dam

Answer 14

GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM
Only recently had political and financial strength to undertake project.
Estimated cost of $5bn.

Question 15

How much energy will the GERD dam produce?

Answer 15

16,000 gigawatt hours per year.

Question 16

what did a 2017 report suggest -

Answer 16

Restrict nile’s flow up to 25%

Question 17

What was the result of the Arab Springs 2018 for the dam?

Answer 17

Project leader was murdered.

Question 18

What percentage of Egypt’s population lives around the Nile?

Answer 18

95%

Question 19

What is the signficance of the Nile river NOW to Egypt?

Answer 19

A limitation
Not enough water for growing population.
Has to import 1/2 of its food.
Holding back development!

Question 20

How will the Gerd dam impact Ethiopia’s economy?

Answer 20

Export excess power
4bn dollars possible to be made from electrifying small farms alone.

Question 21

What are the impacts of the Dam on Egypt?

Answer 21

Concerns - Ethiopia have control over Egypt.
ST issue - once dam is full, normal flow will resume.

Question 22

If the Dam is filled in 10 years, the water deficit will be…

Answer 22

down by 14%
18% loss in agriculture.

Question 23

If the Dam is filled in 5 years, the water deficit will be…

Answer 23

down by 36%
with a 50% loss in agriculture.

Question 24

What percentage of the population are without electricity?

Answer 24

66%