Water & Carbohydrates

Question 1

It is the largest component of animals’ body

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Water represents __% in developing embryo, __% in newborn animal and about __% in mature animals

Answer 2

90% in developing embryo
70% in newborn animal
60% in mature animals

Question 3

The cheapest nutrient

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

A loss of __ percent in body water results in disturbance of body functions

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

Death of an animal is likely to occur when more than __ percent of its body water is lost

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

It functions in the transport of nutrients to the cell and remove waste products

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

functions as a solvent for wide variety of compounds

Answer 7

Water

Question 8

Water is important in temperature regulation because of its three basic properties, namely

Answer 8

High specific heat - allows for accumulation of heat created by muscular activity
High thermal conductivity - allows for rapid transfer of heat
High latent heat of vaporization - allows for the loss of heat through vaporization

Question 9

Sources of water for animals

Answer 9

Drinking water
Moisture content of the feed
Metabolic water

Question 10

approximate daily water intake of mature swine

Answer 10

1.5 - 2.3 gallons/head/day

Question 11

approximate daily water intake of mature sheep

Answer 11

1-3 gallons/head/day

Question 12

approximate daily water intake of mature cattle

Answer 12

10-14 gallons/head/day

Question 13

approximate daily water intake of mature chicken

Answer 13

2 parts water for each l part dry feed
(2:1 water-dry feed)

Question 14

approximate daily water intake of mature duck

Answer 14

3-4 parts water for each 1 part dry feed
(3-4:1 water-dry feed)

Question 15

Water from the animals’ body is lost through:

Answer 15

Urine
Feces
Vaporization from the lungs
Sweat

Question 16

carbohydrate is derived from what French word

Answer 16

hydrate de carbone

Question 17

Most important sugar in nutrition

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

Carbohydrates with single glucose unit

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

Monosaccharides with aldehyde group

Answer 19

Aldose

Question 20

Monosaccharides with ketone groups

Answer 20

Ketose

Question 21

Carbohydrates with 6 carbon atoms

Answer 21

Hexoses

Question 22

major end product of carbohydrate digestion in non-ruminants

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

only important ketose in nature

Answer 23

Fructose

Question 24

sweetest of the carbohydrates

Answer 24

Fructose

Question 25

__% of sugar in honey is fructose

Answer 25

75%

Question 26

Component of milk sugar

Answer 26

Galactose

Question 27

Carbohydrates represent __% of plants’ dry weight

Answer 27

75%

Question 28

Only __-__% carbohydrates are present in particular animal tissues

Answer 28

1-1.50%

Question 29

Carbohydrates with 5 carbon atoms

Answer 29

Pentoses

Question 30

found in every living cell, vit B2 and B6, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Answer 30

Ribose

Question 31

component of hemicellulose and gum

Answer 31

Xylose, arabinose

Question 32

Saccharide units are linked together by what?

Answer 32

Glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage

Question 33

Carbohydrates with more than 2 glucose units

Answer 33

Polysaccharides

Question 34

repeating units of maltose or glucose

Answer 34

Starch

Question 35

Two forms of starch

Answer 35

Amylose Amylopectin

Question 36

Animal starch

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

most abundant polymer in the plant kingdom

Answer 37

Cellulose

Question 38

resistant to animal digestive enzyme but susceptible to microbial enzyme cellulase

Answer 38

Cellulose

Question 39

group of complex carbohydrates that are closely associated with cellulose

Answer 39

Hemicellulose

Question 40

encases the cellulose and hemicellulose providing structural support and mechanical strength to plants

Answer 40

Lignin

Question 41

Amount of water in feeds: Low moisture = ___ nutrient

Answer 41

High

Question 42

In most cases, less than __ percent moisture content is satisfactory for storage of most feedstuffs

Answer 42

14%

Question 43

Water from the animals' body is lost through:

Answer 43

Urine Feces Vaporization from the lungs Sweat

Question 44

Higher consumption of dry matter = (Water intake)

Answer 44

Higher water intake

Question 45

Why does high salt content increases drinking?

Answer 45

Salt triggers drinking

Question 46

Water consumption: Lactating cow vs dry cow

Answer 46

Lactating cow consumes more

Question 47

Water consumption: Lactating cow vs dry cow

Answer 47

Lactating cow consumes more

Question 48

Main source of energy

Answer 48

Carbohydrates

Question 49

Two α-D-glucose units joined by a α-1,4-glycosidic bond

Answer 49

Maltose

Question 50

What units and bond is maltose made up of

Answer 50

two α-D-glucose units joined by α-1,4- glycosidic bond

Question 51

two β-D-glucose units joined by β-1,4- glycosidic bond

Answer 51

Cellobiose

Question 52

What units and bond is cellobiose composed of

Answer 52

two β-D-glucose units joined by β-1,4- glycosidic bond

Question 53

What is sucrose composed of

Answer 53

D-glucose + D-fructose

Question 54

What is lactose comprised of

Answer 54

D-glucose + D-galactose

Question 55

Where Can cellulose be found

Answer 55

Cell wall

Question 56

Resistant to both animal digestive and microbial enzymes

Answer 56

Lignin

Question 57

Dietary carbohydrates important in non-ruminants

Answer 57

Amylose Amylopectin Lactose Sucrose

Question 58

Most absorbable unit

Answer 58

Monosaccharide

Question 59

What causes poor digestibility of dry matter of feedstuffs in non-ruminants

Answer 59

Non-starch polysaccharides

Question 60

What makes NSP resistant to the animals’ digestive enzymes

Answer 60

β-1,4

Question 61

Poultry species have low level of intestinal _____ and as such are not competent in digesting lactose containing feed such as skimmilk

Answer 61

Lactase

Question 62

Breaks the long glucose chains of starch into shorter chains (mouth)

Answer 62

Amylase

Question 63

Breaks down starch down to small oligosaccharides and maltose

Answer 63

Pancreatic amylase

Question 64

Activates pepsinogen into pepsin

Answer 64

HCI Hydrochloric acid

Question 65

Enzyme digestive protein

Answer 65

Pepsin

Question 66

Precursor of fat

Answer 66

Acetate

Question 67

Diet for beef cattle

Answer 67

Grain diet

Question 68

Diet for dairy cattle

Answer 68

Hay diet

Question 69

Why is hay diet suitable for dairy cattle

Answer 69

It has higher acetate Acetate has high fat Fat makes milk more flavorful

Question 70

Why is grain diet much suitable for beef cattle?

Answer 70

It contains high propionate which converts into glucose (in liver) Glucose is needed for growth

Question 71

Site of absorption and digestion

Answer 71

Rumen

Question 72

Transports blood to liver

Answer 72

Portal vein

Question 73

3 major volatile fatty acids in rumen fermentation

Answer 73

Acetate Propionate Butyrate

Question 74

Formation of glycogen from glucose

Answer 74

Glycogenesis

Question 75

Reconversion of glycogen into glucose

Answer 75

Glycogenolysis

Question 76

Major source of water

Answer 76

Drinking water

Question 77

Moisture content of cereal grains

Answer 77

10 - 30%

Question 78

Moisture content of root crops

Answer 78

90%

Question 79

Moisture content of silages

Answer 79

60-70%

Question 80

allows for accumulation of heat created by muscular activity

Answer 80

High specific heat

Question 81

allows for rapid transfer of heat

Answer 81

High thermal conductivity

Question 82

allows for the loss of heat through vaporization

Answer 82

High latent heat of vaporization

Question 83

All animal species can tolerate water containing ____mg of total dissolved salts.

Answer 83

1000 - 3000 mg

Question 84

Water containing _____ mg per liter is unsatisfactory for poultry but is tolerated by other animals.

Answer 84

3000 -5000 mg

Question 85

C, H and O represent __, __ and __% in the carbohydrate molecule, respectively.

Answer 85

40 7 53

Question 86

Glycose units of trisaccharide

Answer 86

D-galactose + D-glucose + D-fructose

Question 87

amylose and amylopectin with straight chain joined by α-1,4 linkage

Answer 87

Starch

Question 88

Glucose units of tetrasaccharide

Answer 88

raffinose + D-glucose

Question 89

NSP present in wheat

Answer 89

arabinoxylan

Question 90

The NSP present in barley

Answer 90

Beta-glucans

Question 91

The NSP present in soybeans

Answer 91

oligosaccharides such as stachyose and raffinose

Question 92

cause poor digestibility of dry matter of these feedstuffs

Answer 92

NSP