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ZOOT 1105 > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Main constituents in the ash fraction of a feed

A

Minerals

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2
Q

Minerals present in the animals’ body without known function

A

Adventitious minerals

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3
Q

The chemical elements, excluding C, H, O, N regarded as essential for the proper nutrition of animals are referred to as the _____

A

Inorganic / Mineral Elements

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4
Q

Minerals needed in large amount; need for these minerals is expressed as percentage of the diet

A

Macro minerals

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5
Q

Minerals needed in small amount; need for these minerals expressed as ppm or ppb

A

Micro minerals

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6
Q

Functions:
- Structural material for bone and teeth
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Muscle contraction
- Necessary for blood clotting
- Controls permeability of cells

A

Calcium

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7
Q

Deficiency symptoms:
- Tetany and milk fever
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia

A

Calcium

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8
Q

Deficiency symptoms:
- [-with Ca, involved in rickets & osteomalacia]
- depraved appetite (bone & wood chewing)
- poor feed utilization
- low feed consumption
- emaciation
- reproductive failure and less production

A

Phosphorus

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9
Q

Functions:
- formation of teeth and bone
- blood buffering
- carbohydrate metabolism
- transfer of energy in muscular contraction

A

Phosphorus

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10
Q

Is a naturally occurring mineral, a form of calcium phosphate, and the primary inorganic component of bones and teeth, playing a crucial role in their structure and function

A

Hydroxyapatite

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11
Q

Functions:
- electrolyte and in water balance
- muscle contraction and transmission of nerve impulses
[- along with magnesium, it is activator for the metabolic enzyme pyruvic kinase]
[- along with magnesium, it is used to activate choline acetylase in resynthesis with acetylcholine

A

Potassium

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12
Q

Functions:
- osmotic pressure regulation
- basic element in regulating neutrality of blood
- promotes feed consumption
- control of water metabolism
- transmission of nerve impulses

A

Sodium

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13
Q

Deficiency symptoms:
- retarded growth, loss in weight, appetite, rough coat, dull eyes
- reproductive failures
- decreased protein and energy utilization
- cannibalism in hens
- reduce urine excretion and plasma volume
- craving salt indicated by licking wood, eating soil, or sweat

A

Sodium

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14
Q

Functions:
- chief anion in gastric juice
- major electrolyte in controlling the solubility of proteins such as globulin
- chloride shift (important in the carriage of CO2 in the blood)
[- with sodium, involved in regulation of osmotic pressure and acid base balance]

A

Chlorine

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15
Q

Deficiency symptoms:
- abdominal cramps
- weakness
- rapid weight loss
- cardiovascular disturbances
- cerebral edema (causes mental confusion and collapse of circulatory function)

A

Chlorine

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16
Q

Is a neurotransmitter that initiates the transmission of signals that create muscle movement

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

Neurotransmitter responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine to prevent excessive muscle contraction

A

Choline esterase

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18
Q

Is an active part of the structure of the body

A

Minerals

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19
Q

Plays a role in some enzyme, hormone, or other compounds

A

Minerals

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20
Q

Mineral required for
- bone formation
- activation of enzymes concerned in carbohydrate metabolism
- it complements with calcium for formation of choline esterase and function in muscle contraction

A

Magnesium

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21
Q

Deficiency symptoms in Magnesium

A
  • grass tetany
  • reddening of the skin
  • loosening of teeth and changes in gums
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22
Q

Deficiency symptoms include:
- poor appetite
- loss of wool
- lacrimation
- salivation
- weakness
- emaciation

A

Sulfur

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23
Q

Part of the molecule of vitamin B12
- activator of peptidases

24
Q

Deficiency symptoms include:
- loss of appetite
- propionic acid accumulation due to lack of vitamin B12
- reduced production
- dry, harsh, and lusterless coat
- pale mucus membranes
- rapid pulse and breathing upon exercise
- constipation in some cases and diarrhea in others]
- general emaciation
- anemia

25
Necessary for the formation of thyroxine
Iodine
26
Necessary for the proper development of the thyroid gland in developing fetus
Iodine
27
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, heart and digestive function, brain development, and bone health
Thyroxine (T4)
28
Deficiency symptoms include: - enlarged thyroid gland - slowing of metabolism, development, and maturation of all tissues is affected - development of hair, fur, and feathers is decreased - abnormal fetal development and may result in stillborn that are hairless - reproduction in performance in adults is affected by degeneration of testis or lack of sperm production. Fetus may be resorbed - the production of eggs is reduced with low hatchability
Iodine
29
Functions in many enzyme systems such as bone phosphatase and decarboxylase
Manganese
30
Activator for some peptidases, muscle ATPase, arginase, and choline esterase
Manganese
31
Deficiency symptoms: affects reproduction by delayed sexual maturity irregular ovulation young born weak or dead with little milk production in the dam
Manganese
32
Is a factor in the slipped tendon syndrome noted in young chicks in which the hock joint swells and tendon slips from the groove pulling the leg to one side
Manganese
33
Constituent of insulin
Zinc
34
Has a wide role in many enzyme systems such as carbonic anhydrase in red cells, carboxypeptidase in the pancreas and liver and lactic dehydrogenase in the muscles
Zinc
35
Deficiency symptoms: - poor growth of animal and of hair, wool, or feathers - alopecia or parakeratosis - dermatitis - thickening of hocks and bones - sterility of males and testicular degeneration - respiratory may be abnormal - appetite may be depressed or abnormal such as wool eating in sheep - anemia
Zinc
36
A component of glutathione peroxidase
Selenium
37
Assists in preventing muscular dystrophy
Selenium
38
Functions in curing some symptoms of exudative diathesis (vit E deficiency) in chicks
Selenium
39
Deficiency symptoms: - similar to those of vit E deficiency - white muscle disease in lambs and calves - retained placenta in cows - heart failure - paralysis - poor growth - low fertility - liver necrosis - pancreatic fibrosis
Selenium
40
Pigment in RBC
Hemoglobin
41
Pigment in muscle
Myoglobin
42
Component of hemoglobin and myoglobin
Iron
43
Component of many enzymes especially those acting in transfer of hydrogen of electrons such as cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase, some flavoproteins, and xanthine oxidase
Iron
44
Deficiency symptoms: - nutritional anemia - thumps in swine, heartbeat rapid, run-down condition with swelling and head, shoulders, wrinkled flabby skin - less cytochrome C, myoglobin, ferritin in tissues - pale mucus membranes, loss of pigment in feathers - poor disease resistance - cement disease
Iron
45
Iron deficiency in pigs with no access to dirt
Cement disease
46
Along with iron, it is essential for hemoglobin formation
Copper
47
Loss of crimp and breaks in fleece, no elasticity in sheep
Steely string in sheep
48
Incoordination in locomotion, especially in hindlegs
Swayback disease
49
Complicated with excess molybdenum
Scours
50
Falling disease in Australia, calves appear to stand on toes, fibrosis oof myocardia, less cytochrome oxidase
Sudden death
51
Deficiency syndrome: - steely string in sheep - swayback disease - scours - sudden death - depigmentation of hair
Copper
52
Deficiency symptoms: - scours - weight loss - disturbed metabolism - reproductive failure - bone abnormalities
Molybdenum
53
Involved in glucose metabolism; enhances action of insulin
Chromium
54
Functions in glucose metabolism; factor for the activity of dehydrogenases, transaminases, and alpha-amylase
Nickel
55
Functions: - lymphocyte activation - glucose metabolism - amino acid metabolism - calcium influx associated with the beat to beat control of the force of contraction in atria - activation of adenylate cyclase
Vanadium
56
Involved in bone and cartilage formation; collagen and glycosaminoglycan formation
Silicon

ZOOT 1105 (9 decks)

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