Water + ATP

Question 1

Structure of water molecule

Answer 1

• dipole = has both + and - charge of H + O
• hydrogen bonding = form between positive pole of one H2O and negative pole of another = gives unusual properties

Question 2

Properties of water molecule

Answer 2

• high b.p = SHC
• SLH of vaporisation
• cohesion
• surface tension

Question 3

What does SHC do on water molecules ?

Answer 3

• high b. p = need lots of energy to break
• high SHC SO can act as buffer for animals to have sudden temp change to maintain constant body temp. And a stable aquatic environment

Question 4

What is SLH in water ?

Answer 4

• requires lots of energy to evaporate 1g of water
• when cooling down, body heat is used to evaporate water inside mammals

Question 5

What is cohesion ?

Answer 5

The tendency of molecules to stick together

Question 6

What does cohesion do in water ?

Answer 6

• water molecules can stick together = allow to be pulled up tubes of vessels e.g. xylem but not in droplets
• it is a passive process

Question 7

How does surface tension work in water ?

Answer 7

• when water meets air, molecules pulled back to their body rather than escaping = SO can act like a skin on the surface to support small organisms

Question 8

Functions of water (6)

Answer 8

• metabolism
• as a solvent
• allow control on body temperature on animals
• supportive
• allow light rays to pass to reach retina
• aquatic plants can photosynthesise

Question 9

What does water do as a solvent ?

Answer 9

dissolves - gas
- wastes
- inorganic ions + small hydrophilic molecules
- enzymes for reaction to take place

Question 10

How does water use in metabolism?

Answer 10

• hydrolysis reac. = break down large molecules
• produced in condensation reac.
• allow chemical reac.Takes place in aqueous condition
• used for photosynthesis

Question 11

Why is water supportive ?

Answer 11

• not easily compressed and due to surface tension

Question 12

Structure of ATP

Answer 12

• made up of adenine, three phosphates, ribose sugar
• a nucleotide

Question 13

Why is ATP an immediate source of energy ？

Answer 13

• bonds between phosphates are unstable = easily broken to release energy

Question 14

Relationship of ATP and ADP

Answer 14

Hydrolysis ATP = convert to ADP, catalyse by ADP hydrolyse
Condensation requires to convert ADP and adding one Pi back to ATP, catalyse by ATP synthase

Question 15

3 types of phosphorylation

Answer 15

• photo phosphorylation
• oxidative phosphorylation
• substrate level phosphorylation

Question 16

Photo phosphorylation

Answer 16

• uses light energy during photosynthesis to convert ADP to ATP

Question 17

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 17

• happens during respiration, ADP to ATP

Question 18

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 18

• when phosphate group is donate from one substrate to another substrate

Question 19

Functions of ATP

Answer 19

• metabolic processes
• movements - muscle contraction
• active transport - enables molecules to move against concentration gradient
• secretion
• respiration
• activation of molecules - lower AE in enzyme catalysed reac.

Question 20

Compare ATP and glucose

Answer 20

• ATP release energy in small manageable amount - no waste heat energy
• ATP is Small and soluble
• ATP enables phosphorylation, glucose cannot
• ATP can’t leave cell, glucose can
• ATP cannot be stored, glucose can = t/f used for immediate energy but not long lasting as glucose

Question 21

Equation of ATP

Answer 21

ATP + H20 -) ADP + Pi + E