Cell Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
Process of mitosis
A
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
2
Q
Definition of mitosis
A
- cell division that produce 2 daughter cells that have same number chromosomes and same genetic material as parents cell
3
Q
Purpose of interphase
A
- DNA duplication
- prepare for mitosis
4
Q
Process of prophase
A
- preparing
- chromosomes condense from chromatin, so become visible to long and thin structure
- centrioles move to two poles
- spindle fibres develops in centrioles
- nucleus disappear
- chromosomes drawn to middle of the cell and attach to centromere
5
Q
Process of metaphase
A
- middle
- chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
6
Q
Process of anaphase
A
- apart
- chromatids pull apart to opposite poles by spindle fibres
- requires a lot of energy so needed a mitochondria to provide ATP
7
Q
Process of telophase and cytokinesis
A
- Two
- chromosomes reach respective poles
- spindle fibres disintegrate
- nuclear envelope and nucleolus re form
- cytoplasm divide - cytokinesis
8
Q
Formula of mitotic index
A
- no. of cells with visible chromosomes / total no.of cells observed
- answer in a decimal
9
Q
Purpose of mitosis
A
- growth- 2 haploid cell fuse to form diploid cell to form new organism
- repair- replace damaged and dead cells
- reproduction of single called organism- asexual reproduction
10
Q
What should be done when counting cells to ensure mitotic index is accurate?
A
- only count whole cells
- examine large numbers of sample
- ensure representative sample
- repeat count
- standardised counting
11
Q
How chemical affects mitosis?
A
- stops anaphase,prevent telophase and cytokinesis
- by stopping spindle fibres to form
- prevent separation of sister chromatids
- so no new daughter cells added
12
Q
3 stages of cell cycle
A
Interphase
Nuclear division
Cytokinesis
13
Q
How is cancer caused ?
A
- by disorder of cells
- results of damage to the genes that regulate mitosis and cell cycle= uncontrolled growth and division of cells
14
Q
Characteristics of benign and malignant tumours
A
B / M :
- grow slow/ fast
- more / less compact
- less / more likely to be life threatening
15
Q
Treatment of cancer
A
- killing dividing cells by blocking a part of cell cycle
= cell cycle disrupted and cell division = no growth
