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ZOO LEC > Water and the Fitness of the Environment > Flashcards

Water and the Fitness of the Environment Flashcards

1
Q

is the biological medium on Earth

A

Water

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2
Q

All living organisms require this more than
any other substance

A

water

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3
Q

Most cells are surrounded by water, and cells
themselves are about how many percetage of water?

A

70–95% water

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4
Q

The abundance of water is the main reason the
Earth is

A

habitable

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5
Q

The water molecule is what kind of molecule?

A

polar molecule

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6
Q

it is when the
opposite ends have opposite charges

A

polar molecule

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7
Q

it allows water molecules to form
hydrogen bonds with each other

A

Polarity

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8
Q

5 what are the properties of water

A

High specific heat
High heat of vaporization
Unique density behavior
High Surface Tension
An excellent solvent

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9
Q

the —– of a substance is the
amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost
for 1 g of that substance to change its
temperature by 1oC

A

specific heat

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10
Q

what is the specific heat of water

A

1 cal/g/*C

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11
Q

Water resists changing its temperature
because of its

A

high specific heat

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12
Q

a measure of
temperature using Celsius degrees (°C)

A

Celsius scale

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13
Q

the amount of heat required
to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

A

calorie (cal)

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14
Q

The “calories” on food packages are actually

A

kilocalories (kcal)

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15
Q

where 1 kcal =

A

1,000 cal

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16
Q

is another unit of energy where
1 J = 0.239 cal, or 1 cal = 4.184 J

A

joule (J)

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17
Q

what is 1 cal into joules

A

4.184 J

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18
Q

is heat being absorbed or released when hydrogen bonds break?

A

Heat is absorbed

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19
Q

is heat being absrobed or released when hydrogen bonds form

A

Heat is released

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20
Q

what property of water minimizes
temperature fluctuations to within limits that
permit life

A

high specific heat of water

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21
Q

it is the energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

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22
Q

it is a measure of the total amount of kinetic
energy due to molecular motion

A

Heat

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23
Q

it measures the intensity of heat
due to the average kinetic energy of molecules

A

Temperature

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24
Q

Water absorbs heat from warmer air and
releases stored heat to

A

cooler air

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25
Q

Water can absorb or release a large amount of
heat with only a

A

slight change in its own
temperature

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26
Q

is transformation of a substance
from liquid to gas

A

Evaporation

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27
Q

is the heat a liquid must
absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

A

Heat of vaporization

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28
Q

As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface
cools, a process called

A

evaporative cooling

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29
Q

this process helps stabilize
temperatures in organisms and bodies of water

A

Evaporative cooling of water

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30
Q

Collectively, hydrogen bonds hold water
molecules together, a phenomenon

A

cohesion

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31
Q

helps the transport of water against
gravity in plants

A

Cohesion

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32
Q

is an attraction between different
substances, for example, between water and
plant cell walls

A

Adhesion

33
Q

here, Hydrogen bonds are stable

A

ice

34
Q

here, Hydrogen bonds break and re-form

A

Liquid water

35
Q

is a measure of how hard it is
to break the surface of a liquid

A

Surface tension

36
Q

is related to cohesion

A

Surface tension

37
Q

is a liquid that is a homogeneous
mixture of substances

A

solution

38
Q

is the dissolving agent of a solution

A

solvent

39
Q

is the substance that is dissolved

A

solute

40
Q

is one in which water is
the solvent

A

aqueous solution

41
Q

is a versatile solvent due to its polarity,
which allows it to form hydrogen bonds easily

A

Water

42
Q

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water,
each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water
molecules called

A

hydration shell

43
Q

Water can also dissolve compounds made of what kind of polar molecules

A

nonionic polar molecules

44
Q

what example of polar molecule can dissolve in water if they haev ionic and polar regions

A

proteins

45
Q

substance is one that has an
affinity for water

A

hydrophilic

46
Q

substance is one that does not
have an affinity for water

A

hydrophobic

47
Q

what molecule is an example of hydrophobic because they
have relatively nonpolar bonds

A

Oil molecules

48
Q

is a stable suspension of fine
particles in a liquid

A

colloid

49
Q

is the sum of all masses of all
atoms in a molecule

A

Molecular mass

50
Q

1 mole (mol) is equal to

A

6.02 x 1023
molecules

51
Q

what is avogadros number

A

6.02 x 1023 daltons

52
Q

what is the unit of avogadro’s number

A

daltons

53
Q

is the number of moles of solute
per liter of solution

A

Molarity (M)

54
Q

in a hydrogen bond between
two water molecules can shift from one to the
other:

A

hydrogen atom

55
Q

it is when The hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind
and is transferred as a proton, or

A

hydrogen
ion (H+

56
Q

it is when The molecule with the extra proton is now a
——– (H3O+), though it is often represented as H+

A

hydronium ion

57
Q

it is a molecule that lost the proton is now a

A

hydroxide ion (OH–)

58
Q

what state is a water in which water molecules dissociate at the same rate at which they are being reformed

A

equilibrium

59
Q

is any substance that increases the H+
concentration of a solution

A

acid

60
Q

is any substance that reduces the H+
concentration of a solution

A

base

61
Q

the —- of a solution is defined by the negative
logarithm of H+ concentration, written as
pH = –log [H+]

A

pH of water

62
Q

what is the constant of aqueous solution

A

[H+
][OH–] = 10^–14

63
Q

what is the constant For a neutral aqueous solution

A

[H+] is 10^–7 = –(–7) = 7

64
Q

helps to describe whether a solution is acidic or basic (the opposite of acidic)

A

pH scale

65
Q

have pH values less than 7

A

Acidic solutions

66
Q

have pH values greater than 7

A

Basic solutions

67
Q

have pH values in the
range of 6 to 8

A

Most biological fluids

68
Q

The internal pH of most living cells must
remain close to pH

A

7

69
Q

are substances that minimize changes
in concentrations of H+ and OH– in a solution

A

Buffers

70
Q

refers to rain, snow, or fog
with a pH lower than 5.6

A

Acid precipitation

71
Q

is caused mainly by the
mixing of different pollutants with water in the
air and can fall at some distance from the
source of pollutants

A

Acid precipitation

72
Q

Acid precipitation can damage life in

A

lakes and streams

73
Q

—– such as burning fossil fuels
threaten water quality

A

Human activities

74
Q

A warming of earth called the

A

“greenhouse”
effect

75
Q

this leads to a
decrease in the ability of corals to form calcified
reefs

A

Acidification of the oceans;

76
Q

is released by fossil fuel combustion and

contributes to the “greenhouse”
effect and Acidification of the oceans

A

CO2

77
Q

donate H+
in
aqueous solutions

A

Acids

78
Q

donate OH–
or accept H+
in
aqueous solutions

A

Bases

ZOO LEC (6 decks)

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