Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight
and leaves as

Answer 1

heat

Question 2

Photosynthesis generates

Answer 2

O2 and organic molecules

Question 3

Cells use chemical energy stored in organic
molecules to regenerate

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

what powers work

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

The breakdown of organic molecules is

Answer 5

exergonic

Question 6

is a partial degradation of
sugars that occurs without O2

Answer 6

Fermentation

Question 7

consumes organic
molecules and O2 and yields ATP

Answer 7

Aerobic respiration

Question 8

is similar to aerobic
respiration but consumes compounds other
than O2

Answer 8

Anaerobic respiration

Question 9

includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

Answer 9

Cellular respiration

Question 10

The transfer of electrons during chemical
reactions releases energy stored in organic
molecules

Answer 10

Redox Reactions

Question 11

This released energy is ultimately used to
synthesize ATP

Answer 11

Redox Reactions

Question 12

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons
between reactants are called

Answer 12

oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

Question 13

a substance loses electrons, or is
oxidized

Answer 13

oxidation

Question 14

a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)

Answer 14

reduction

Question 15

The electron donor is called the

Answer 15

reducing
agent

Question 16

The electron receptor is called the

Answer 16

oxidizing
agent

Question 17

Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons
but change the electron sharing in

Answer 17

covalent bonds

Question 18

an example of redoc reaction

Answer 18

methane and O2

Question 19

glucose and other
organic molecules are broken down in a series
of steps

Answer 19

cellular respiration

Question 20

Electrons from organic compounds are usually
first transferred to a coenzyme named

Answer 20

NAD+

Question 21

functions as an

oxidizing agent during cellular respiration

Answer 21

NAD+

Question 22

(the reduced form of NAD+)

Answer 22

NADH

Question 23

represents stored energy that is tapped to
synthesize ATP

Answer 23

NADH

Question 24

NADH passes the electrons to the

Answer 24

electron
transport chain

Question 25

the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one

Answer 25

explosive reaction

Question 26

pulls electrons down the chain in an energy- yielding tumble

Answer 26

O2

Question 27

The energy yielded in the electron transport chain is used to regenerate

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

3 stages of Cellular respiration

Answer 28

Glycolysis citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 29

(breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate)

Answer 29

Glycolysis

Question 30

(completes the breakdown of glucose)

Answer 30

citric acid cycle

Question 31

(accounts for most of the ATP synthesis)

Answer 31

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 32

The process that generates most of the ATP is called

Answer 32

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 33

it is powered by redox reactions

Answer 33

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 34

Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost how many percent of the ATP generated by cellular respiration?

Answer 34

90%

Question 35

A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by

Answer 35

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 36

(“splitting of sugar”)

Answer 36

Glycolysis

Question 37

how many pyruvate is formed in glycolysis

Answer 37

2 pyruvate

Question 38

2 major phases in glycolysis

Answer 38

– Energy investment phase – Energy payoff phase

Question 39

In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the

Answer 39

mitochondrion

Question 40

Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to ------- to link the cycle to glycolysis

Answer 40

acetyl CoA

Question 41

The citric acid cycle, also called the

Answer 41

Krebs cycle

Question 42

takes place within the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 42

Krebs cycle

Question 43

what does the krebs cycle produce and ho many per cycle?

Answer 43

1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

Question 44

how many steps does krebs cycle have?

Answer 44

8 steps

Question 45

------- of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate

Answer 45

acetyl group

Question 46

produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the electron transport chain

Answer 46

NADH and FADH2

Question 47

this pathway is in the cristae of the mitochondrion

Answer 47

electron transport chain

Question 48

(each with an iron atom)

Answer 48

cytochromes

Question 49

in the ETC Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including

Answer 49

cytochromes

Question 50

The electron transport chain generates no

Answer 50

ATP

Question 51

Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the

Answer 51

intermembrane space

Question 52

in ETC H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in

Answer 52

ATP synthase

Question 53

ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive

Answer 53

phosphorylation of ATP

Question 54

the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Answer 54

chemiosmosis

Question 55

The H+ gradient is referred to as a

Answer 55

proton-motive force

Question 56

it helps in emphasizing its capacity to do work

Answer 56

proton-motive force

Question 57

During cellular respiration, most energy flows in this sequence:

Answer 57

glucose > NADH > electron transport chain > proton-motive force > ATP

Question 58

About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making how many ATP?

Answer 58

38 ATP