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ZOO LEC > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight
and leaves as

A

heat

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2
Q

Photosynthesis generates

A

O2 and organic molecules

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3
Q

Cells use chemical energy stored in organic
molecules to regenerate

A

ATP

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4
Q

what powers work

A

ATP

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5
Q

The breakdown of organic molecules is

A

exergonic

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6
Q

is a partial degradation of
sugars that occurs without O2

A

Fermentation

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7
Q

consumes organic
molecules and O2 and yields ATP

A

Aerobic respiration

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8
Q

is similar to aerobic
respiration but consumes compounds other
than O2

A

Anaerobic respiration

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9
Q

includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

A

Cellular respiration

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10
Q

The transfer of electrons during chemical
reactions releases energy stored in organic
molecules

A

Redox Reactions

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11
Q

This released energy is ultimately used to
synthesize ATP

A

Redox Reactions

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12
Q

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons
between reactants are called

A

oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

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13
Q

a substance loses electrons, or is
oxidized

A

oxidation

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14
Q

a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)

A

reduction

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15
Q

The electron donor is called the

A

reducing
agent

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16
Q

The electron receptor is called the

A

oxidizing
agent

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17
Q

Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons
but change the electron sharing in

A

covalent bonds

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18
Q

an example of redoc reaction

A

methane and O2

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19
Q

glucose and other
organic molecules are broken down in a series
of steps

A

cellular respiration

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20
Q

Electrons from organic compounds are usually
first transferred to a coenzyme named

A

NAD+

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21
Q

functions as an

oxidizing agent during cellular respiration

A

NAD+

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22
Q

(the reduced form of NAD+)

A

NADH

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23
Q

represents stored energy that is tapped to
synthesize ATP

A

NADH

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24
Q

NADH passes the electrons to the

A

electron
transport chain

25
Q

the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one

A

explosive reaction

26
Q

pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-
yielding tumble

A

O2

27
Q

The energy yielded in the electron transport chain is used to regenerate

A

ATP

28
Q

3 stages of Cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

29
Q

(breaks down glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate)

A

Glycolysis

30
Q

(completes the
breakdown of glucose)

A

citric acid cycle

31
Q

(accounts for
most of the ATP synthesis)

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

32
Q

The process that generates most of the ATP is
called

A

oxidative phosphorylation

33
Q

it is
powered by redox reactions

A

oxidative phosphorylation

34
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost how many percent of the ATP generated by cellular
respiration?

A

90%

35
Q

A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis
and the citric acid cycle by

A

substrate-level
phosphorylation

36
Q

(“splitting of sugar”)

A

Glycolysis

37
Q

how many pyruvate is formed in glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate

38
Q

2 major phases in glycolysis

A

– Energy investment phase

– Energy payoff phase

39
Q

In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the

A

mitochondrion

40
Q

Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate
must be converted to ——- to link the cycle to glycolysis

A

acetyl CoA

41
Q

The citric acid cycle, also called the

A

Krebs cycle

42
Q

takes place within the mitochondrial
matrix

A

Krebs cycle

43
Q

what does the krebs cycle produce and ho many per cycle?

A

1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

44
Q

how many steps does krebs cycle have?

A

8 steps

45
Q

——- of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate

A

acetyl group

46
Q

produced by the cycle
relay electrons extracted from food to the
electron transport chain

A

NADH and FADH2

47
Q

this pathway is in the cristae of
the mitochondrion

A

electron transport chain

48
Q

(each with an iron atom)

A

cytochromes

49
Q

in the ETC Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including

A

cytochromes

50
Q

The electron transport chain generates no

A

ATP

51
Q

Electron transfer in the electron transport chain
causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the

A

intermembrane space

52
Q

in ETC H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in

A

ATP synthase

53
Q

ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+
to drive

A

phosphorylation of ATP

54
Q

the use of
energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

A

chemiosmosis

55
Q

The H+ gradient is referred to as a

A

proton-motive force

56
Q

it helps in emphasizing its capacity to do work

A

proton-motive force

57
Q

During cellular respiration, most energy flows in
this sequence:

A

glucose > NADH > electron transport chain > proton-motive force > ATP

58
Q

About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule
is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration,
making how many ATP?

A

38 ATP

59
Q
A

ZOO LEC (6 decks)

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