Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight
and leaves as

A

heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Photosynthesis generates

A

O2 and organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells use chemical energy stored in organic
molecules to regenerate

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what powers work

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The breakdown of organic molecules is

A

exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is a partial degradation of
sugars that occurs without O2

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

consumes organic
molecules and O2 and yields ATP

A

Aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is similar to aerobic
respiration but consumes compounds other
than O2

A

Anaerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

A

Cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The transfer of electrons during chemical
reactions releases energy stored in organic
molecules

A

Redox Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This released energy is ultimately used to
synthesize ATP

A

Redox Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons
between reactants are called

A

oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a substance loses electrons, or is
oxidized

A

oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The electron donor is called the

A

reducing
agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The electron receptor is called the

A

oxidizing
agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons
but change the electron sharing in

A

covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an example of redoc reaction

A

methane and O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glucose and other
organic molecules are broken down in a series
of steps

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electrons from organic compounds are usually
first transferred to a coenzyme named

A

NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

functions as an

oxidizing agent during cellular respiration

A

NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

(the reduced form of NAD+)

A

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

represents stored energy that is tapped to
synthesize ATP

A

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NADH passes the electrons to the

A

electron
transport chain

25
the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one
explosive reaction
26
pulls electrons down the chain in an energy- yielding tumble
O2
27
The energy yielded in the electron transport chain is used to regenerate
ATP
28
3 stages of Cellular respiration
Glycolysis citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation
29
(breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate)
Glycolysis
30
(completes the breakdown of glucose)
citric acid cycle
31
(accounts for most of the ATP synthesis)
Oxidative phosphorylation
32
The process that generates most of the ATP is called
oxidative phosphorylation
33
it is powered by redox reactions
oxidative phosphorylation
34
Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost how many percent of the ATP generated by cellular respiration?
90%
35
A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by
substrate-level phosphorylation
36
(“splitting of sugar”)
Glycolysis
37
how many pyruvate is formed in glycolysis
2 pyruvate
38
2 major phases in glycolysis
– Energy investment phase – Energy payoff phase
39
In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the
mitochondrion
40
Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to ------- to link the cycle to glycolysis
acetyl CoA
41
The citric acid cycle, also called the
Krebs cycle
42
takes place within the mitochondrial matrix
Krebs cycle
43
what does the krebs cycle produce and ho many per cycle?
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
44
how many steps does krebs cycle have?
8 steps
45
------- of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate
acetyl group
46
produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the electron transport chain
NADH and FADH2
47
this pathway is in the cristae of the mitochondrion
electron transport chain
48
(each with an iron atom)
cytochromes
49
in the ETC Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including
cytochromes
50
The electron transport chain generates no
ATP
51
Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the
intermembrane space
52
in ETC H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in
ATP synthase
53
ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive
phosphorylation of ATP
54
the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
chemiosmosis
55
The H+ gradient is referred to as a
proton-motive force
56
it helps in emphasizing its capacity to do work
proton-motive force
57
During cellular respiration, most energy flows in this sequence:
glucose > NADH > electron transport chain > proton-motive force > ATP
58
About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making how many ATP?
38 ATP
59