BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Flashcards

1
Q

are
large, organic molecule such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
and nucleic acids

A

Biological macromolecules

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2
Q

have a huge variety
of functions, such as storing
energy, protection

A

Biomolecules

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3
Q

simplest form of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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4
Q

a molecule that can react with other molecule to form very large molecules orpolymers

A

Monomer

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5
Q

short chain of amino acid monomer link by peptide bonds

A

peptide

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6
Q

special chemical messengers that are created in the endocrine gland

A

Hormones

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7
Q

organic compounds that combined to form proteins

A

Amino Acids

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8
Q

Made up of three components, nitrogen-containing base, five-carbon sugar, and aphosphate group

A

Nucleotide

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9
Q

what are three components nucleotide

A

nitrogen-containing base, five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

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10
Q

contain glycerol, two-fatty acids, and a phosphate group

A

Phopholipids

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11
Q

it is -Classified either simple or complex sugar.

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

it is the maiin source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

contains carbon and hydrate

A

carbohydrates

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14
Q

it other term is saccharide

A

carbohydrates

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15
Q

how many saccharides does a simple sugar have?

A

1 saccharide (monosaccharide)

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16
Q

3 examplesof monosaccharides

A

glucose
galactase
fructose

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17
Q

it is used in dextrose, blood sugar, the
form utilized by the human body

A

GLUCOSE

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18
Q

it is used in milk and milk products

A

GALACTOSE

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19
Q

it is used in found in fruits and honey

A

FRUCTOSE

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20
Q

3 kinds of sugar that is a dissacharide

A

SUCROSE
LACTOSE
MALTOSE

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21
Q

table sugar is an example of what kind of dissacharide?

22
Q

glucose + fructose

A

TABLE SUGAR (SUCROSE)

23
Q

MILK SUGAR is an example of what kind of dissacharide?

24
Q

glucose + galactose

A

MILK SUGAR OR LACTOSE

25
MALT/BEER SUGAR is an example of what kind of dissacharide?
MALTOSE
26
glucoe + glucose
MALT/BEER SUGAR OR MALTOSE
27
what do you call a saccharide that are multiple?
polysaccharides
28
2 saccharide storage form of glucose in plants
starch/amylose and amylipectin
29
storage form of glucose animal; stored in the liver and muscles
glycogen
30
structural material in plants -- cell wall in wood, wood fiber cannot be digested by humans
cellulose
31
4 classification of lipids or fats
triglyceride phospholipid wax steroid
32
solid triglyceride usually from animal sources such as meat, milk, butter, margarine, egges, and cheese
fat
33
liquid triglycerides from plant sources
oil
34
examples are olive oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil
oil
35
these are mostly unsaturated fatty acids
oil
36
eating too many especially unhealthy fats such as saturated fats and trans fats can lead to heart disease, cancer, and obesity.
lipids or fats
37
functions are material for cell membrane, insulation to maintain body temperature, aid in digestion, and as signal molecules.
Lipids
38
what is the monomer of lipids
fatty acids
39
they are soluble (dissolve) in oil but are insoluble (don’t dissolve) in water.
lipids
40
their function is for long-term storage of energy in the body
Lipids
41
2 classes of lipids
saturated fats unsaturated fats
42
-have two carbons attached to each carbon (except the one at the end).
Saturated fats
43
are unhealthy fats like butter.
Saturated fats
44
are missing at least one hydrogen and are curl in shape.
Unsaturated fats
45
are healthy, and include oils.
Unsaturated fats
46
are the most common examples of lipids.
Fat and oil
47
they are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Fat and oil
48
Composed of four elements: Carbon, Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Nitrogen
PROTEIN
49
what are the 4 elements in protein
Carbon, Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Nitrogen
50
what is the monomer of protein
Amino acid
51
are made up of amino acids combined through a dehydration link called a peptide bond.
Proteins