CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Flashcards
is any substance that
occupies space and has mass.
Matter
are unique forms of
matter with specific chemical and
physical properties that cannot be
broken down into smaller
substances by ordinary chemical
reactions.
Elements
how many elements are there?
118
how many elemts only occur naturally
92
what are the four elements common to all living organisms
- oxygen (O),
- carbon (C),
- hydrogen (H), and
- nitrogen (N).
is the smallest unit of matter that retains all
of the chemical properties of an element.
atom
All atoms contain
protons, electrons, and neutrons.
is a positively charged particle
that resides in the nucleus of an atom and
has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1.
proton
is a negatively charged particle
that travels in the space around the
nucleus. It has a negligible mass and has a
charge of –1.
electron
like protons, reside in the
nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of 1
and no charge.
Neutrons
charges balance each other in a
neutral atom, which has a net zero charge.
Neutrons
The ——— of an element is equal to the
number of protons that element contains.
atomic number
it is the number of protons plus the
number of neutrons of that element.
mass number
the —- of an atom is equal to the number of protons and neutrons of
that atom.
mass of an atom
These numbers provide information about the elements
and how they will react when combined.
atomic number and atomic mass
A chart of the elements that includes the atomic number and relative atomic mass of each element.
The Periodic
Table
provides key
information about the
properties of elements.
The Periodic
Table
shows how the electrons in each element are organized and provides important details about how atoms will react with each other to form molecules.
The Periodic
Table
are different forms of the same element that have the
same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
Isotopes
the most common isotope of carbon, contains six protons and
six neutrons. Therefore, it has a mass number of 12 (six protons and six neutrons) and an atomic number of 6 (which makes it carbon).
Carbon-12
contains six protons and eight neutrons. Therefore, it has a
mass number of 14 (six protons and eight neutrons) and an atomic number of 6, meaning it is still the element carbon.
Carbon-14
are isotopes that are Unstable and will lose
protons, other subatomic particles, or energy to form more
stable elements.
Radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes
The closest shell can hold up to how many electrons?
two electrons
The second and third energy levels can hold up to how many electrons
8 electrons