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WATER AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

The two water quality

A

HARD WATER AND SOFT WATER

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2
Q

Water that contains high amounts of minerals such as calcium and magnesium

A

HARD WATER

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3
Q

Water replacing water minerals with sodium

A

SOFT WATER

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4
Q

Salt that dissolves in water and dissociates into charged particles called ions

A

ELECTROLYTE

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5
Q

Two important minerals are

A

SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

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6
Q

This is condition in which a person experiences increase fluid retention and oedema

A

FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

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7
Q

16 essential minerals are divided into two categories

A

MAJOR MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS

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8
Q

is a transport protein that works to exchange Na from within the cells to potassium.

A

Na-K pump

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9
Q

are needed daily from dietary sources in amounts of 100mg or
higher

A

MAJOR MINERALS

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10
Q

are required daily in amounts less than or equal to 20 mg.
Minerals are stable when foods containing them are cooked

A

TRACE MINERALS

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11
Q

maintained by electrolytes that include minerals and blood proteins.

A

Homeostasis (physiologic equilibrium)

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12
Q

Water is component of

A

BLOOD
LYMPH
SALIVA AND URINE

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13
Q

Water made supply trace minerals such as

A

FLUORIDE
ZINC
COPPER

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14
Q

Are minerals that carry electrical charges or ions when dissolved in water

A

ELECTROLYTES

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15
Q

The primary extracellular electrolytes in body fluids are

A

SODIUM (CATION)
CHLORIDE (ANION)

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16
Q

The primary intracellular electrolyte

A

POTASSIUM (CATION)

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17
Q

Moving electrolytes in and out of the cell membrane requires

A

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

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18
Q

A person experiences vascular cellular or intracellular dehydration

A

FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT

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19
Q

When body fluid levels full by 10% of body weight

A

SEVERE FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT

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20
Q

Provide rigidity and strength to the teeth and skeleton
Serve as storage depot for other need of the body
Allow proper muscle contraction and release
Influence nerve and muscle function

it is associated with compromised regulatory mechanism, exists fluid intake or exist sodium intake

A

MINERALS

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21
Q

What are the major minerals

A

CALCIUM
CHLORIDE
MAGNESIUM
PHOSPHORUS
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
SULFUR

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22
Q

What are the trace minerals

A

ARSENIC
BORON
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
FLUORIDE
IODINE
IRON
MANGANESE
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SELENIUM
SILICON
ZINC

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23
Q

Owns the distinction of being the most abundant mineral in the body
99% is stored in the bones

A

CALCIUM

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24
Q

1% of calcium circulate in the body fluid as

A

IONIZED CA

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25
Hormones that regulate calcium balance
CALCITONIN PARATHORMONE VITAMIN D
26
Decreases blood calcium levels
CALCITONIN
27
Increases blood calcium levels
PARATHORMONE
28
promotes calcium Deposit into the bones
VITAMIN D
29
Blood ca levels increases through The small intestine absorbs more ca The bones release more ca The kidney excrete less ca
HYPOCALCEMIA
30
Blood calcium above normal Muscles contract and cannot relax, hardness/stiffness
CA RIGOR
31
Blood CA below normal Characterized by uncontrolled muscle contraction
CA TETANY
32
The most abundant source of calcium
MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS A
33
Most abundant mineral in the body 85% is in our bones and teeth
PHOSPHORUS
34
Part of the body's buffer systems
PHOSPHORIC ACID
35
What are the rda of phosphorus
700 MG PER DAY FOR MEN AND WOMEN 19 YEARS OLD AND OLDER
36
Rda of magnesium
420 MG PER DAY FOR MEN 320 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN
37
Is easily lost from food during processing so unprocessed foods are the best choices
MAGNESIUM
38
An extreme and prolonged contraction of the muscles similar to Ca Tetany
SEVERE MG DEF. - TETANY
39
Present in all chon and place it's most important role in shaping strands of CHON, thiamine and biotin
SULFUR
40
Principal electrolyte in the extracellular fluid. BP and volume are maintain primary regulator of all body fluids in and out of the cell
SODIUM
41
SODIUM intake
1500 MG PER DAY ADULTS 3/4 TEASPOON OF SALT PER DAY
42
Highest sodium food sources
SALT SOY SAUCE PROCESSED FOODS
43
Lowest sodium content
WHOLE UNPROCESSED FOODS SUCH AS FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
44
Sodium deficiency Neurologic and kidney disorders____ concern for endurance athlete___
SECONDARY HYPONATREMIA HYPONATREMIA
45
Sodium toxicity
HYPERTENSION AND EDEMA
46
Potassium intake in adults
4700 MG
47
Potassium deficiency Results more often from excessive losses than from deficit intakes____
HYPOKALEMIA
48
Potassium deficiency can result from over consumption of k + salts or supplements and from certain diseases or medications
HYPERKALEMIA (POTASSIUM TOXICITY)
49
Major negative ion of the extracellular fluid, where it occurs primarily with NA
CHLORIDE
50
Rdi of Chloride
2300 mg per day for adults
51
Major food source of chloride
SALT
52
Major Contributor of chloride to people's diet
PROCESSED FOODS
53
Needed by the body in tiny quantities
TRACE MINERALS
54
Component of hemoglobin in rbcs and myoglobin in muscle cells Help them carry and hold oxygen and then release it
IRON
55
Holds oxygen for the muscles to use when they contract
MYOGLOBIN
56
Carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body
HEMOGLOBIN
57
Types of Protein iron A special storage protein in the liver, bone marrow and other organs? A hormone produced by the liver that are inversely related to the efficiency of iron absorption? If the main site of iron storage in the body? The blood protein that carries the iron to tissues throughout the body?
FERRITIN HEPCIDINE LIVER TRANSFERRIN
58
Most common nutrient deficiency worldwide
FE DEFICIENCY
59
At risk in iron deficiency
WOMEN PREGNANT INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
60
Refers to the depleted body iron stores without regard to the degree of depletion or to the presence of anemia
IRON DEFICIENCY
61
Refers to severe depleted iron stores that results in a low low hemoglobin concentration
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
62
When RBC's are pale and small
MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA
63
Craving for non nutritious or harmful substances such as a play based glass stones or clothing
PICA
64
Clay eating behavior
GEOPHAGIA
65
Caused By genetic disorder that enhances iron absorption
HEMOCHROMATOSIS
66
FE recommendation intake
MEN 19 ABOVE 8 MG PER DAY WOMEN 19 TO 50 YEARS OLD 18 MG PER DAY BOTH 50 YEARS OLD ABOVE 8 MG PER DAY
67
Iron absorption from food can be minimized by two substances that enhance iron absorption
MFP FACTOR AND VITAMIN C
68
Some substances can impair iron absorption
TANNINS CALCIUM PHYTATES
69
More than 200 enzymes throughout the body depend on it affects our growth process taste and smell ability healing process immune system and carbohydrate metabolism by assisting insulin function
ZINC
70
Zinc Recommendation intake
11 MG PER DAY FOR MEN 8 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN
71
Zinc main transport vehicle in the bloodstream
ALBUMIN
72
Zinc deficiency commonly seen in
EGYPT IRAN TURKEY
73
At risk in zinc deficiency
PREGNANT TEENAGERS VEGETARIAN
74
Integral part of the tyroxin which regulates growth and development basal metabolic rate and body temperature
IODINE
75
Iodine recommendation
150 MCG PER DAY FOR MEN AND WOMEN 1,000 100 MCG TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL
76
Iodine sources
IODIZED SALT SEAFOOD
77
This deficiency reduces tyroxin produce
IODINE DEFICIENCY
78
This deficiency reduces tyroxin produce ___by a substance called goitrogens (that suppress the actions of the thyroid gland) __caused by iodine def _an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency Mental and physical retardation?
TOXIC GOITER SIMPLE GOITER GOITER CRETINISM
79
Iodine toxicity With the symptoms sweating, palpation, sudden weight loss, tremors fatigue, muscle weakness
THYROTOXICOSIS (HYPERTHYROIDISM)
80
Involved in the formation of bones for mineralization and helps make teacher assistant to decay Part of tooth formation
FLUORIDE
81
Fluoride recommendation
4 MG PER DAY FOR MEN AND 3 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN
82
Fluoride toxicity Mottling or brown spotting of the tooth enamel from ingestion of too much fluoride during tooth development
FLUOROSIS
83
Assist a group of antioxidant enzymes called glutathione peroxidases Plays role in converting thai roid hormone to its active form
SELENIUM
84
Work together to prevent cell and lipid membrane damage
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASES AND VITAMIN E
85
Selenium recommendation
55 270 UG PER DAY
86
Selenium deficiency associated with _____(). In children and young women which includes cardiomyopathy and heart failure
HEART DISEASE - KESHAN DISEASE
87
Aqua enzyme involving antioxidant reaction and energy metabolism Component of wound healing Constituent of nerve fiber protection
COPPER
88
A required element for iron use
COPPER
89
Copper one of the most vital roles is to help
CELLS USE IRON
90
Is a cofactor for many enzymes helping to facilitate dozens of different metabolic processes
MANGANESE
91
Causes symptoms of brain disease such as dementia and parkinson's disease along with abnormalities in appearance and behavior
MANGANESE TOXICITY
92
Mn recommendation
2.3 MG PER DAY FOR MEN AND 1.6 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN
93
associated with insulin and required for the release of energy from glucose main component of ttf or what do we call glucose tolerance factor
CHROMIUM
94
Chromium recommendation intake
MEN 19 TO 50 YEARS OLD: 35 UG/PER DAY 51 ABOVE : 30 WOMEN 19 TO 50 YEARS OLD: 25 50 ABOVE : 20
95
Work as a part of several teeny enzymes, for deficiency and in toxicity are unknown
MOLYBDENUM
96
Rda of molybdenum
45ug/day
97
Important for the health of many tissues
NICKEL
98
Harm the liver and other organs
NICKEL DEFICIENCIES

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) (10 decks)

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