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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) > WATER AND MINERALS > Flashcards

WATER AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

The two water quality

A

HARD WATER AND SOFT WATER

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2
Q

Water that contains high amounts of minerals such as calcium and magnesium

A

HARD WATER

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3
Q

Water replacing water minerals with sodium

A

SOFT WATER

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4
Q

Salt that dissolves in water and dissociates into charged particles called ions

A

ELECTROLYTE

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5
Q

Two important minerals are

A

SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

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6
Q

This is condition in which a person experiences increase fluid retention and oedema

A

FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

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7
Q

16 essential minerals are divided into two categories

A

MAJOR MINERALS
TRACE MINERALS

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8
Q

is a transport protein that works to exchange Na from within the cells to potassium.

A

Na-K pump

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9
Q

are needed daily from dietary sources in amounts of 100mg or
higher

A

MAJOR MINERALS

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10
Q

are required daily in amounts less than or equal to 20 mg.
Minerals are stable when foods containing them are cooked

A

TRACE MINERALS

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11
Q

maintained by electrolytes that include minerals and blood proteins.

A

Homeostasis (physiologic equilibrium)

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12
Q

Water is component of

A

BLOOD
LYMPH
SALIVA AND URINE

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13
Q

Water made supply trace minerals such as

A

FLUORIDE
ZINC
COPPER

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14
Q

Are minerals that carry electrical charges or ions when dissolved in water

A

ELECTROLYTES

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15
Q

The primary extracellular electrolytes in body fluids are

A

SODIUM (CATION)
CHLORIDE (ANION)

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16
Q

The primary intracellular electrolyte

A

POTASSIUM (CATION)

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17
Q

Moving electrolytes in and out of the cell membrane requires

A

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

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18
Q

A person experiences vascular cellular or intracellular dehydration

A

FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT

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19
Q

When body fluid levels full by 10% of body weight

A

SEVERE FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT

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20
Q

Provide rigidity and strength to the teeth and skeleton
Serve as storage depot for other need of the body
Allow proper muscle contraction and release
Influence nerve and muscle function

it is associated with compromised regulatory mechanism, exists fluid intake or exist sodium intake

A

MINERALS

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21
Q

What are the major minerals

A

CALCIUM
CHLORIDE
MAGNESIUM
PHOSPHORUS
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
SULFUR

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22
Q

What are the trace minerals

A

ARSENIC
BORON
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
FLUORIDE
IODINE
IRON
MANGANESE
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SELENIUM
SILICON
ZINC

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23
Q

Owns the distinction of being the most abundant mineral in the body
99% is stored in the bones

A

CALCIUM

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24
Q

1% of calcium circulate in the body fluid as

A

IONIZED CA

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25
Q

Hormones that regulate calcium balance

A

CALCITONIN
PARATHORMONE
VITAMIN D

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26
Q

Decreases blood calcium levels

A

CALCITONIN

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27
Q

Increases blood calcium levels

A

PARATHORMONE

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28
Q

promotes calcium Deposit into the bones

A

VITAMIN D

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29
Q

Blood ca levels increases through
The small intestine absorbs more ca
The bones release more ca
The kidney excrete less ca

A

HYPOCALCEMIA

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30
Q

Blood calcium above normal
Muscles contract and cannot relax, hardness/stiffness

A

CA RIGOR

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31
Q

Blood CA below normal
Characterized by uncontrolled muscle contraction

A

CA TETANY

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32
Q

The most abundant source of calcium

A

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS A

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33
Q

Most abundant mineral in the body
85% is in our bones and teeth

A

PHOSPHORUS

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34
Q

Part of the body’s buffer systems

A

PHOSPHORIC ACID

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35
Q

What are the rda of phosphorus

A

700 MG PER DAY FOR MEN AND WOMEN 19 YEARS OLD AND OLDER

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36
Q

Rda of magnesium

A

420 MG PER DAY FOR MEN
320 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN

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37
Q

Is easily lost from food during processing so unprocessed foods are the best choices

A

MAGNESIUM

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38
Q

An extreme and prolonged contraction of the muscles similar to Ca Tetany

A

SEVERE MG DEF. - TETANY

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39
Q

Present in all chon and place it’s most important role in shaping strands of CHON, thiamine and biotin

A

SULFUR

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40
Q

Principal electrolyte in the extracellular fluid. BP and volume are maintain

primary regulator of all body fluids in and out of the cell

A

SODIUM

41
Q

SODIUM intake

A

1500 MG PER DAY ADULTS
3/4 TEASPOON OF SALT PER DAY

42
Q

Highest sodium food sources

A

SALT
SOY SAUCE
PROCESSED FOODS

43
Q

Lowest sodium content

A

WHOLE
UNPROCESSED FOODS SUCH AS FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

44
Q

Sodium deficiency
Neurologic and kidney disorders____
concern for endurance athlete___

A

SECONDARY HYPONATREMIA
HYPONATREMIA

45
Q

Sodium toxicity

A

HYPERTENSION AND EDEMA

46
Q

Potassium intake in adults

A

4700 MG

47
Q

Potassium deficiency
Results more often from excessive losses than from deficit intakes____

A

HYPOKALEMIA

48
Q

Potassium deficiency can result from over consumption of k + salts or supplements and from certain diseases or medications

A

HYPERKALEMIA (POTASSIUM TOXICITY)

49
Q

Major negative ion of the extracellular fluid, where it occurs primarily with NA

A

CHLORIDE

50
Q

Rdi of Chloride

A

2300 mg per day for adults

51
Q

Major food source of chloride

A

SALT

52
Q

Major Contributor of chloride to people’s diet

A

PROCESSED FOODS

53
Q

Needed by the body in tiny quantities

A

TRACE MINERALS

54
Q

Component of hemoglobin in rbcs and myoglobin in muscle cells
Help them carry and hold oxygen and then release it

A

IRON

55
Q

Holds oxygen for the muscles to use when they contract

A

MYOGLOBIN

56
Q

Carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body

A

HEMOGLOBIN

57
Q

Types of Protein iron
A special storage protein in the liver, bone marrow and other organs?

A hormone produced by the liver that are inversely related to the efficiency of iron absorption?

If the main site of iron storage in the body?

The blood protein that carries the iron to tissues throughout the body?

A

FERRITIN
HEPCIDINE
LIVER
TRANSFERRIN

58
Q

Most common nutrient deficiency worldwide

A

FE DEFICIENCY

59
Q

At risk in iron deficiency

A

WOMEN PREGNANT
INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

60
Q

Refers to the depleted body iron stores without regard to the degree of depletion or to the presence of anemia

A

IRON DEFICIENCY

61
Q

Refers to severe depleted iron stores that results in a low low hemoglobin concentration

A

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

62
Q

When RBC’s are pale and small

A

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

63
Q

Craving for non nutritious or harmful substances such as a play based glass stones or clothing

A

PICA

64
Q

Clay eating behavior

A

GEOPHAGIA

65
Q

Caused By genetic disorder that enhances iron absorption

A

HEMOCHROMATOSIS

66
Q

FE recommendation intake

A

MEN 19 ABOVE 8 MG PER DAY
WOMEN 19 TO 50 YEARS OLD 18 MG PER DAY
BOTH 50 YEARS OLD ABOVE 8 MG PER DAY

67
Q

Iron absorption from food can be minimized by two substances that enhance iron absorption

A

MFP FACTOR AND VITAMIN C

68
Q

Some substances can impair iron absorption

A

TANNINS
CALCIUM
PHYTATES

69
Q

More than 200 enzymes throughout the body depend on it

affects our growth process taste and smell ability healing process immune system and carbohydrate metabolism by assisting insulin function

A

ZINC

70
Q

Zinc Recommendation intake

A

11 MG PER DAY FOR MEN
8 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN

71
Q

Zinc main transport vehicle in the bloodstream

A

ALBUMIN

72
Q

Zinc deficiency commonly seen in

A

EGYPT
IRAN
TURKEY

73
Q

At risk in zinc deficiency

A

PREGNANT TEENAGERS
VEGETARIAN

74
Q

Integral part of the tyroxin which regulates growth and development basal metabolic rate and body temperature

A

IODINE

75
Q

Iodine recommendation

A

150 MCG PER DAY FOR MEN AND WOMEN
1,000 100 MCG TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL

76
Q

Iodine sources

A

IODIZED SALT
SEAFOOD

77
Q

This deficiency reduces tyroxin produce

A

IODINE DEFICIENCY

78
Q

This deficiency reduces tyroxin produce
___by a substance called goitrogens (that suppress the actions of the thyroid gland)

__caused by iodine def

_an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency

Mental and physical retardation?

A

TOXIC GOITER
SIMPLE GOITER
GOITER
CRETINISM

79
Q

Iodine toxicity
With the symptoms sweating, palpation, sudden weight loss, tremors fatigue, muscle weakness

A

THYROTOXICOSIS (HYPERTHYROIDISM)

80
Q

Involved in the formation of bones for mineralization and helps make teacher assistant to decay
Part of tooth formation

A

FLUORIDE

81
Q

Fluoride recommendation

A

4 MG PER DAY FOR MEN AND 3 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN

82
Q

Fluoride toxicity
Mottling or brown spotting of the tooth enamel from ingestion of too much fluoride during tooth development

A

FLUOROSIS

83
Q

Assist a group of antioxidant enzymes called glutathione peroxidases

Plays role in converting thai roid hormone to its active form

A

SELENIUM

84
Q

Work together to prevent cell and lipid membrane damage

A

GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASES AND VITAMIN E

85
Q

Selenium recommendation

A

55 270 UG PER DAY

86
Q

Selenium deficiency
associated with _____(). In children and young women which includes cardiomyopathy and heart failure

A

HEART DISEASE - KESHAN DISEASE

87
Q

Aqua enzyme involving antioxidant reaction and energy metabolism

Component of wound healing
Constituent of nerve fiber protection

A

COPPER

88
Q

A required element for iron use

A

COPPER

89
Q

Copper one of the most vital roles is to help

A

CELLS USE IRON

90
Q

Is a cofactor for many enzymes helping to facilitate dozens of different metabolic processes

A

MANGANESE

91
Q

Causes symptoms of brain disease such as dementia and parkinson’s disease along with abnormalities in appearance and behavior

A

MANGANESE TOXICITY

92
Q

Mn recommendation

A

2.3 MG PER DAY FOR MEN AND 1.6 MG PER DAY FOR WOMEN

93
Q

associated with insulin and required for the release of energy from glucose main component of ttf or what do we call glucose tolerance factor

A

CHROMIUM

94
Q

Chromium recommendation intake

A

MEN 19 TO 50 YEARS OLD: 35 UG/PER DAY
51 ABOVE : 30
WOMEN 19 TO 50 YEARS OLD: 25
50 ABOVE : 20

95
Q

Work as a part of several teeny enzymes, for deficiency and in toxicity are unknown

A

MOLYBDENUM

96
Q

Rda of molybdenum

A

45ug/day

97
Q

Important for the health of many tissues

A

NICKEL

98
Q

Harm the liver and other organs

A

NICKEL DEFICIENCIES

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) (10 decks)

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