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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) > MODULE#17 > Flashcards

MODULE#17 Flashcards

1
Q

Patients who are weak or debilitated may find it easier to consume

A

ORAL SUPPLEMENTS

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2
Q

When a patient use as an oral supplement,____becomes an important consideration

A

TASTE

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3
Q

For tube feedings are typically recommended for patients at risk of

A

DEVELOPING PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

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4
Q

Contraindications for tube feedings include

A
  • GI BLEEDING
  • HIGH OUTPUT FISTULAS
  • INTRACTABLE VOMITING OR DIARRHEA
  • SEVERE MALABSORPTION
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5
Q

The feeding route chosen depends on the

A

PATIENT’S MEDICAL CONDITION
EXPECTED DURATION OF TUBE FEEDING

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS OF A PARTICULAR ROUTE

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6
Q

When a patient is expected to be tube fed for less than four weeks, the feeding tube is generally routed into the _____

A

GI TRACT VIA THE NOSE (nasogastric or naso-enteric routes)

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7
Q

The patient is frequently awake during ______placement of a feeding tube

A

TRANS NASAL

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8
Q

While the patient is in a ______the tube is inserted into a nostril and passed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum

A

SLIGHTLY UPRIGHT POSITION WITH HEAD TILTED

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9
Q

The final position of the feeding tube tip is verified by

A

ABDOMINAL X-RAY

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10
Q

In infants____which the feeding tube is passed into the stomach via the mouth

A

OROGASTRIC PLACEMENT

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11
Q

A direct route to the stomach or intestines may be created by passing the tube through an

A

ENTEROSTOMY

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12
Q

An enterostomy can be made by either

A

SURGICAL INCISION OR NEEDLE PUNCTURE

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13
Q

Gastrointestinal access

A

NOSTRIL
NASOGASTRIC ROUTE
NASODUODENAL ROUTE

TIP OF THE NOSE
TIP OF THE EARLOBE
XIPHOID PROCESS

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14
Q

Are preferred whenever possible.
this feedings are more easily tolerated and less complicated to deliver dance intestinal feedings because the stomach controls the rate of which nutrients enter the intestine.

A

GASTRIC FEEDINGS ( NASOGASTRIC AND GASTROSTOMY ROUTES)

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15
Q

Gastric feedings are also avoided in patients at high risk of

A

ASPIRATION

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16
Q

Feeding tubes are made from soft, flexible materials such as

A

SILICONE/POLYURETHANE

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17
Q

Tubes

A

LEVIN TUBE - SINGLE
SALEM TUBE - DOUBLE LUMEN

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18
Q

Evacuation or washing out toxin

A

GASTRIC LAVAGE

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19
Q

Does not require surgery or incisions for placement, tubes can be placed by a nurse or train dietitian

A

TRANSNASAL

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20
Q

Easiest to insert and confirm placement; least expensive method
Feedings can often be given intermittently and without an infusion pump

A

NASOGASTRIC

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21
Q

Lower risk of aspiration in compromised patients, allows for earlier tube feedings than gastric feedings during acute stress; may allow enteral feedings even when obstructions, fistulas, or other medical conditions prevent gastric feeding

A

NASODUODENAL AND NASOJEJUNAL

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22
Q

Allow the lower esophageal sphincter to remain closed, reducing the risk of aspiration, more comfortable than transnasal insertion for long term use. Site is not visible under clothing

A

TUBE ENTEROSTOMIES

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23
Q

Feedings can often be given intermittently and without a pump, easier insertion procedure than a jejunostomy

A

GASTROSTOMY

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24
Q

Lowest risk of aspiration
Allows for earlier tube feedings than gastrostomy during critical illness; may allow enteral feedings even when obstructions, fistulas or medical conditions prevent gastric feeding

A

JEJUNOSTOMY

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25
Are provided to individuals who can digest and absorb nutrients without difficulty
STANDARD FORMULA or polymeric formulas
26
Are produced from whole foods such as she can vegetables fruits and oil along with some added vitamins and minerals
BLENDERIZED FORMULAS
27
are prescribed for patients who have compromised digestive or absorptive functions
ELEMENTAL FORMULAS or hydrolyzed Chemically defined or monomeric formulas
28
Are intended to meet the nutrient needs of patients with particular illness.
SPECIALIZED FORMULAS also called disease specific or specialty formulas
29
Are generally expensive and their effectiveness is controversial
SPECIALIZED FORMULAS
30
Sometimes prepared for patients who require specific nutrient combinations
MODULAR FORMULAS
31
The main factors that influence formula selection include
GI FUNCTION NUTRIENT AND ENERGY NEEDS FIBER MODIFICATIONS INDIVIDUAL TOLERANCES
32
Provide most of the energy in enteral formula
CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT
33
The energy density of most enteral formula ranges from
1.0 to 2.0 kcalories per ml of fluid
34
Refers to a moles of osmotically active solute per kilogram of solvent
OSMOLALITY
35
An enteral formula with an osmolality active solutes about 300 million moles per kilogram is an
ISOTONIC FORMULA
36
Formula has an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
HYPERTONIC FORMULA
37
Most enteral formulas have osmolalities between
300 and 700 MILLIOSMOLES PER KILOGRAM
38
For closed systems, the hang time should be no longer than
24 to 48 hours
39
Nutrient needs may be met by delivering relatively large amounts of formula several times per day
INTERMITTENT FEEDINGS
40
The access sites for parenteral nutrition fall into two main categories:
PERIPHERAL VEINS located in the hand or forearm large diameter CENTRAL VEINS located near the heart
41
may develop characterized by redness, swelling and tenderness
PHLEBITIS
42
PHLEBITIS may developed characterized by
REDNESS SWELLING TENDERNESS
43
Is used most often in patients who require short term nutrition support (less than 2 weeks)
PPN
44
Most patients meet their nutrient needs using the larger central veins, where blood volume is greater and nutrient concentrations do not need to be limited. This method can reliable provide all of a person's nutrient requirements and therefore is called
TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION
45
Preferred for patients who require long-term parenteral nutrition
TPN
46
Is the main source of energy and parenteral solutions
GLUCOSE
47
Glucose is the main source of energy in the parenteral solutions, it is provided in the form
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE
48
Commercial dextrose solutions are available in concentrations between
2.5 and 70%
49
Must be restricted in patients with hypertriglyceridemia
LIPID INFUSIONS
50
Daily fluid needs range from _____per kg body weight in stable patients
30 to 40 ml per kg
51
In that parenteral nutrition order, most electrolyte concentrations are expressed in ____ which are units that indicate the number of ionic charges provided by the electrolyte
MILLI-EQUIVALENTS (mEq)
52
When apart until a solution contains dextrose amino acids and lipids it is called a
TOTAL NUTRIENT ADMIXTURE (TNA) A 3-in-1 solution or all in one solution
53
Exclude lipid and the lipid emulsion is administered separately often using a second port in the catheter
2-in-1 SOLUTION
54
Contribute the most to a solutions osmolarity
AMINO ACIDS DEXTROSE ELECTROLYTES
55
Osmolarity of ppn solutions is limited to
900 MILLIOSMOLES PER LITER
56
Many hospital organize nutrition support teams consisting of
PHYSICIANS NURSES DIETITIANS PHARMACISTS
57
Catheters in peripheral veins may cause
PHLEBITIS
58
Are also a leading cause of clogged from blood clotting or from a buildup of scar tissue around ____ tip
CATHETER
59
To reduce the risk of complications, nurses use ___ when inserting catheter
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
60
Complications involving catheters and metabolic complications
INFECTION, CLOTTING, EMBOLISM AND PHLEBITIS HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPOGLYCEMIA, REFEEDING SYNDROME DISEASES OF THE LIVER GALLBLADDER AND BONE
61
The provision of nutrients using the gastrointestinal tract, usually refers to the use of tube feeding
ENTERAL NUTRITION
62
Provide nutrients intravenously to patients who do not have sufficient gi function to handle enteral feeding
PARENTERAL NUTRITION

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) (10 decks)

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