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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) > MODULE#17 > Flashcards

MODULE#17 Flashcards

1
Q

Patients who are weak or debilitated may find it easier to consume

A

ORAL SUPPLEMENTS

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2
Q

When a patient use as an oral supplement,____becomes an important consideration

A

TASTE

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3
Q

For tube feedings are typically recommended for patients at risk of

A

DEVELOPING PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

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4
Q

Contraindications for tube feedings include

A
  • GI BLEEDING
  • HIGH OUTPUT FISTULAS
  • INTRACTABLE VOMITING OR DIARRHEA
  • SEVERE MALABSORPTION
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5
Q

The feeding route chosen depends on the

A

PATIENT’S MEDICAL CONDITION
EXPECTED DURATION OF TUBE FEEDING

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS OF A PARTICULAR ROUTE

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6
Q

When a patient is expected to be tube fed for less than four weeks, the feeding tube is generally routed into the _____

A

GI TRACT VIA THE NOSE (nasogastric or naso-enteric routes)

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7
Q

The patient is frequently awake during ______placement of a feeding tube

A

TRANS NASAL

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8
Q

While the patient is in a ______the tube is inserted into a nostril and passed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum

A

SLIGHTLY UPRIGHT POSITION WITH HEAD TILTED

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9
Q

The final position of the feeding tube tip is verified by

A

ABDOMINAL X-RAY

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10
Q

In infants____which the feeding tube is passed into the stomach via the mouth

A

OROGASTRIC PLACEMENT

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11
Q

A direct route to the stomach or intestines may be created by passing the tube through an

A

ENTEROSTOMY

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12
Q

An enterostomy can be made by either

A

SURGICAL INCISION OR NEEDLE PUNCTURE

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13
Q

Gastrointestinal access

A

NOSTRIL
NASOGASTRIC ROUTE
NASODUODENAL ROUTE

TIP OF THE NOSE
TIP OF THE EARLOBE
XIPHOID PROCESS

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14
Q

Are preferred whenever possible.
this feedings are more easily tolerated and less complicated to deliver dance intestinal feedings because the stomach controls the rate of which nutrients enter the intestine.

A

GASTRIC FEEDINGS ( NASOGASTRIC AND GASTROSTOMY ROUTES)

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15
Q

Gastric feedings are also avoided in patients at high risk of

A

ASPIRATION

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16
Q

Feeding tubes are made from soft, flexible materials such as

A

SILICONE/POLYURETHANE

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17
Q

Tubes

A

LEVIN TUBE - SINGLE
SALEM TUBE - DOUBLE LUMEN

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18
Q

Evacuation or washing out toxin

A

GASTRIC LAVAGE

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19
Q

Does not require surgery or incisions for placement, tubes can be placed by a nurse or train dietitian

A

TRANSNASAL

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20
Q

Easiest to insert and confirm placement; least expensive method
Feedings can often be given intermittently and without an infusion pump

A

NASOGASTRIC

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21
Q

Lower risk of aspiration in compromised patients, allows for earlier tube feedings than gastric feedings during acute stress; may allow enteral feedings even when obstructions, fistulas, or other medical conditions prevent gastric feeding

A

NASODUODENAL AND NASOJEJUNAL

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22
Q

Allow the lower esophageal sphincter to remain closed, reducing the risk of aspiration, more comfortable than transnasal insertion for long term use. Site is not visible under clothing

A

TUBE ENTEROSTOMIES

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23
Q

Feedings can often be given intermittently and without a pump, easier insertion procedure than a jejunostomy

A

GASTROSTOMY

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24
Q

Lowest risk of aspiration
Allows for earlier tube feedings than gastrostomy during critical illness; may allow enteral feedings even when obstructions, fistulas or medical conditions prevent gastric feeding

A

JEJUNOSTOMY

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25
Q

Are provided to individuals who can digest and absorb nutrients without difficulty

A

STANDARD FORMULA or polymeric formulas

26
Q

Are produced from whole foods such as she can vegetables fruits and oil along with some added vitamins and minerals

A

BLENDERIZED FORMULAS

27
Q

are prescribed for patients who have compromised digestive or absorptive functions

A

ELEMENTAL FORMULAS or hydrolyzed
Chemically defined or monomeric formulas

28
Q

Are intended to meet the nutrient needs of patients with particular illness.

A

SPECIALIZED FORMULAS also called disease specific or specialty formulas

29
Q

Are generally expensive and their effectiveness is controversial

A

SPECIALIZED FORMULAS

30
Q

Sometimes prepared for patients who require specific nutrient combinations

A

MODULAR FORMULAS

31
Q

The main factors that influence formula selection include

A

GI FUNCTION
NUTRIENT AND ENERGY NEEDS
FIBER MODIFICATIONS
INDIVIDUAL TOLERANCES

32
Q

Provide most of the energy in enteral formula

A

CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT

33
Q

The energy density of most enteral formula ranges from

A

1.0 to 2.0 kcalories per ml of fluid

34
Q

Refers to a moles of osmotically active solute per kilogram of solvent

A

OSMOLALITY

35
Q

An enteral formula with an osmolality active solutes about 300 million moles per kilogram is an

A

ISOTONIC FORMULA

36
Q

Formula has an osmolality greater than that of blood serum

A

HYPERTONIC FORMULA

37
Q

Most enteral formulas have osmolalities between

A

300 and 700 MILLIOSMOLES PER KILOGRAM

38
Q

For closed systems, the hang time should be no longer than

A

24 to 48 hours

39
Q

Nutrient needs may be met by delivering relatively large amounts of formula several times per day

A

INTERMITTENT FEEDINGS

40
Q

The access sites for parenteral nutrition fall into two main categories:

A

PERIPHERAL VEINS located in the hand or forearm

large diameter CENTRAL VEINS located near the heart

41
Q

may develop characterized by redness, swelling and tenderness

A

PHLEBITIS

42
Q

PHLEBITIS may developed characterized by

A

REDNESS
SWELLING
TENDERNESS

43
Q

Is used most often in patients who require short term nutrition support (less than 2 weeks)

A

PPN

44
Q

Most patients meet their nutrient needs using the larger central veins, where blood volume is greater and nutrient concentrations do not need to be limited. This method can reliable provide all of a person’s nutrient requirements and therefore is called

A

TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION

45
Q

Preferred for patients who require long-term parenteral nutrition

A

TPN

46
Q

Is the main source of energy and parenteral solutions

A

GLUCOSE

47
Q

Glucose is the main source of energy in the parenteral solutions, it is provided in the form

A

DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE

48
Q

Commercial dextrose solutions are available in concentrations between

A

2.5 and 70%

49
Q

Must be restricted in patients with hypertriglyceridemia

A

LIPID INFUSIONS

50
Q

Daily fluid needs range from _____per kg body weight in stable patients

A

30 to 40 ml per kg

51
Q

In that parenteral nutrition order, most electrolyte concentrations are expressed in ____ which are units that indicate the number of ionic charges provided by the electrolyte

A

MILLI-EQUIVALENTS (mEq)

52
Q

When apart until a solution contains dextrose amino acids and lipids it is called a

A

TOTAL NUTRIENT ADMIXTURE (TNA)
A 3-in-1 solution or all in one solution

53
Q

Exclude lipid and the lipid emulsion is administered separately often using a second port in the catheter

A

2-in-1 SOLUTION

54
Q

Contribute the most to a solutions osmolarity

A

AMINO ACIDS
DEXTROSE
ELECTROLYTES

55
Q

Osmolarity of ppn solutions is limited to

A

900 MILLIOSMOLES PER LITER

56
Q

Many hospital organize nutrition support teams consisting of

A

PHYSICIANS
NURSES
DIETITIANS
PHARMACISTS

57
Q

Catheters in peripheral veins may cause

A

PHLEBITIS

58
Q

Are also a leading cause of clogged from blood clotting or from a buildup of scar tissue around ____ tip

A

CATHETER

59
Q

To reduce the risk of complications, nurses use ___ when inserting catheter

A

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES

60
Q

Complications involving catheters and metabolic complications

A

INFECTION, CLOTTING, EMBOLISM AND PHLEBITIS

HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPOGLYCEMIA, REFEEDING SYNDROME
DISEASES OF THE LIVER GALLBLADDER AND BONE

61
Q

The provision of nutrients using the gastrointestinal tract, usually refers to the use of tube feeding

A

ENTERAL NUTRITION

62
Q

Provide nutrients intravenously to patients who do not have sufficient gi function to handle enteral feeding

A

PARENTERAL NUTRITION

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (LECTURE) (10 decks)

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