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Advanced Nutrition II - Exam 2 > Water And Electrolytes > Flashcards

Water And Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major compartments for water in the body

A

–Intracellular fluid

–Extracellular fluid

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2
Q

Which compartment has more water

A

Intracellular fluid

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3
Q

What are the 2 subcompartments that make extracellular fluid

A
  • Plasma

* Interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Filtration force is mostly dictated by

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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5
Q

Function of filtration force

A

moves water from plasma to interstitial fluid

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6
Q

Water distribution in the extracellular fluids is controlled by

A

filtration and reabsorption forces

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7
Q

What causes hydrostatic pressure

A

the pumping of the heart

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8
Q

Reabsorption is mostly dictated by

A

Osmotic pressure

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9
Q

Reabsorption force function

A

moves water from interstitial fluid to plasma

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10
Q

What causes osmotic pressure

A

caused by large proteins present in the plasma

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11
Q

What 2 things primarily regulate fluid balance

A

–Kidneys

–Hormones

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12
Q

What are the 4 hormones involved in fluid balance

A
  • Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system •Vasopressin (ADH)

* ANP, BNP

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13
Q

Where is ADH synthesized and stored

A

Synthesized in hypothalamus but stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary

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14
Q

What 2 things trigger ADH secretion

A

triggered by increased extracellular osmolarity

or decreased intravascular volume

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15
Q

What are the two function of ADH

A

–Increase water reabsorption by stimulating the movement of aquaporins in the distal convoluted tubule (water channels)

–Increase reabsorption of Na via sodium channels

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16
Q

What two organs are responsible for creating hormones involved in fluid balance

A

Kidneys

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

ADH (anti diuretic hormone) site of synthesis

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Does ADH increase/decrease Bp?

A

Increase

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19
Q

Aldosterone site of synthesis

A

Adrenal cortex

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20
Q

Aldosterone is synthesized in response to

A

Angiotensin 2

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21
Q

Aldosterone function

A

Sodium reabsorption

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22
Q

How does aldosterone increase sodium reabsorption

A

By inserting additional channels in the distal ascending loop of Henle and collecting ducts

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23
Q

Aldosterone effect on BP

A

Increase

24
Q

Renin site of synthesis

A

Afferent arteriole of glomerulus

25
Q

Renin released in response to what 4 things

A

Decreased BP

Decrease sodium

Decrease chloride

Decreased extracellular fluid volume

26
Q

Renin function

A

Hydrolysis of Angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

27
Q

Renin effect on BP

A

Increase

28
Q

Angiotensinogen site of synthesis

A

Liver

29
Q

Angiotensinogen synthesized in response to

A

Pool is maintained in plasma but angiotensin 2 can stimulate its synthesis

30
Q

Angiotensinogen function

A

Precursor to angiotensin 1

31
Q

Angiotensinogen effect on BP

A

Increase

32
Q

Angiotensin 1 site of synthesis

A

Plasma

33
Q

Angiotensin 1 synthesized in response to

A

Angiotensinogen hydrolysis by renin

34
Q

Angiotensin 1 function

A

Precursor of angiotensin 2

35
Q

Angiotensin 1 effect on BP

A

Increase

36
Q

Angiotensin 2 site of synthesis

A

Plasma

37
Q

Angiotensin 2 synthesized by

A

Conversion of angiotensin 1 by ACE

38
Q

Angiotensin 2’s three functions

A

Vasoconstriction stimulates synthesis of ADH

Stimulates thirst

39
Q

Angiotensin 2 effect on BP

A

Increase

40
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) site of synthesis

A

Lungs

41
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) release in response to

A

Maintenance of pool in plasma

42
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) function

A

Converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

43
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) effect on BP

A

Increase

44
Q

Atrial naturietic peptide (ANP) site of synthesis

A

Cardiac myocytes of atrium

45
Q

Atrial naturietic peptide (ANP) released in response to what 2 things

A

Increased BP

Increased extracellular fluid volume

46
Q

Atrial naturietic peptide (ANP) 3 functions

A

Inhibition of renin

Decreased cardiac output

Decreased peripheral vascular resistance

47
Q

Atrial naturietic peptide (ANP) effect on BP

A

Decrease

48
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) site of synthesis

A

Brain but mostly cardiac myocytes of ventricles

49
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) released in response to what 2 things

A

Increase BP

Increased extracellular fluid volume

50
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 3 functions

A

Inhibition of renin

Decreased cardiac output

Decreased peripheral vascular resistance

51
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) effect on BP

A

Decrease

52
Q

Know the chart of RAAS system

A

K

53
Q

How is anion gap measured

A

Anion gap = Measured cations (Na+) – measured anions (Cl- + HCO3-) –Normal range 8-18 mEq/L

54
Q

What is the relationship of Na and K

A

Inverse relationship

55
Q

What 2 hormones oppose the RAAS system

A

ANP

BNP

56
Q

What percentage of total body weight is water

A

50-75%

Advanced Nutrition II - Exam 2 (12 decks)

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