Hypertension

Question 1

In what 3 ways does Na sensitivity play a role in hypertension

Answer 1

correlates with:
–Low plasma renin activity (reflecting volume overload)
–Decreased capacity of RAAS
–Insulin resistance

Question 2

What is potassium compared to sodium role in BP

Answer 2

Inversely affects BP

Question 3

Effect of K supplementation on BP is more pr o n o u n c e d i n

Answer 3

African Americans and salt sensitive individuals

Question 4

3 mechanism by which K lowers BP

Answer 4

Natiuresis (sodium excretion)

Reduction of urinary excretion of Ca and Mg

Increase in smooth muscle relaxation

Question 5

Calcium may exert what effect on BP and how?

Answer 5

a beneficial effect on blood pressure through its interaction with sodium (although evidence weak)

Increased calcium leads to increased natiuresis

Question 6

Magnesium is inversely associated with blood pressure by evidence for a causal relationship is weak

Answer 6

K

Question 7

What 3 side effects is low magnesium associated with

Answer 7

increased smooth muscle tension

vasospasms

high BP

Question 8

What is the only cation associated with increase BP

Answer 8

Na

Question 9

3 characteristics of DASH diet

Answer 9

Physical activity

Alcohol restriction

Weight loss

Question 10

6 DASH diet protocols

Answer 10

–3 g Na 
–4,500 mg K 
–8-10 servings fruits and vegetables 
–2-3 servings low fat dairy 
–Nuts, legumes, seeds 
–Limit red meat, fats, sugar-sweetened foods and beverages

Question 11

Na overconsumption may be associated with

Answer 11

increased BP