Other Nutrients Involved With Bone Health Flashcards
What are the two bone proteins carboxylated by glutamyl carboxylase
osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein
What is Osteocalcin secreated by
osteoblasts
What is required by Osteocalcin
And what is its function?
requires 3 Gla residues to facilitate Ca binding to hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix of bone
What is the function of matrix GLA protein
helps with calcification of bone and protects soft tissue from calcification
–35% of bone is made of ___________ with 90-95% being ____________
organic protein matrix
Type 1 collagen
Vitamin C is a key nutrient in the synthesis of?
Collagen
Why is vitamin c needed for collagen synthesis
it serves as a cofactor for lysyl hydroxylase and prolyl hydroxylase
What is the purpose of lysyl hydroxylase and prolyl hydroxylase
These enzymes hydroxylate lysine and proline on collagen to increase the stability and strength of collagen
What is irons 2 roles in bone health
Iron also serves as a cofactor for lysyl and prolyl hydroxylases
It also is a cofactor for the hydroxylases that convert vitamin D into calcitriol
What is coppers role in bone health
Serves as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase
lysyl oxidase function
Works in in generation of cross-links between connective tissue proteins to stabilize the bone’s extracellular matrix
Where is magnesium mostly found
Bone
Magnesium role in bone health
–May decrease the size of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone to decrease its brittleness
Vitamin A role in bone health
–Activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is regulated by vitamin A
What does deficiency of vitamin A do to bone
increases osteoblast activity leading to increased bone deposition
