Water, Acids, Bases and Buffering Flashcards
Does adipose tissue contain little water?
Yes; obese individuals have less body water
What does water content depend on?
Age, gender, and fat distribution
What is the constant of body water?
60% of our weight
How much water is intracellular?
25L of 40L so about 60%
How much water is extracellular?
15L
How will water move?
From low to high; moves from diluted to more concentrated
Of the extracellular fluid how much is between the cells and in the plasma
10L between the cells and 5L in blood plasma
What is polarity?
A polar molecule is usually formed when the one end of the molecule is said to possess more number of positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges, creating an electrical pole; UNEQUAL SHARING
What is electronegativity?
the power of an atom of an element to attract electrons toward itself when it is part of a compound
What is a non-polar molecule?
A molecule which does not have the charges present at the end due to the reason that electrons are finely distributed and those which symmetrically cancel out each other are the non- polar molecules. In a solution, a polar molecule cannot be mixed with the non-polar molecule.
C and H’s will always be
non polar
Can water be dissolved?
yes
What is a hydrogen bond?
a weak noncovalent interaction between hydrogen of one molecule and more electronegative atom of an acceptor molecule
Are hydrogen bonds additive?
Yes; they are weak but additive so they are strong overall
What allows polar molecules to dissolve?
the polarity of water
Why are hydrogen bonds weak and constantly breaking?
in order for solutes to move in solution and water can move through pores in cell membranes
What are electrolyte anions?
Cl-, HCO3-, PO42-)
What are electrolyte cations?
K+, Na+
What is the ratio between potassium and sodium?
more potassium inside the cell and more sodium outside the cell
What is osmolality?
concentration of all dissolved solutes in the blood (electrolytes, proteins etc)
What may occur if water is not where it is supposed to be?
Edema may occur if water is where it is not supposed to be; alcohol abuse or damage to the liver the liver cells are not able to make that albumin, the fluid is now being pushed out but no push to bring it back in
Arterial End=
more pressure
Venous end=
very little
What is pH?
the measure of acidity or alkanitity of a solution
What is the pH of the blood?
7.35-7.45
What is the pH of the cells?
approx 7.1 (between 6.9 and 7.4)
A higher hydrogen concentration infers what?
lower pH (more acidic)
A lower hydrogen concentration infers what?
higher pH (alkadosis)
What is the ratio for pH and folds?
for every 1 pH unit there is a 10 fold difference; a pH difference from 7.3-7.0 is not significant
When does pH get intense?
under 7.35= acidemia; past 6.8 means death (acidotic)
Over 7.45= alkalemia; past 8 means death (alkalosis)
What is an acid?
an acid is a substance that can release hydrogen ions; donates
What is a base?
a substance that can accept hydrogen ions; accepts
Do strong acids completely dissociate?
yes; dissociate completely into hydrogen ions
Do weak acids completely dissociate?
only to a limited extent
What do weak acids form??
an acid and conjugate base(buffer)
What is a buffer?
a weak acid and conjugate base; its function is to mop up H’s and add H’s to correct any. imbalances
What is the tendency to dissociate defined by?
Ka; tells us how strong the acid is and the tendency to dissociate; larger Ka= greater tendency to dissociate
When does the buffer work best?
when pH=pKa, 50% of the acid is dissociated and 50% conjugate base pair
What does a lower number of pKa mean?
stronger the acid
What 2 organ systems maintain pH homeostasis?
Lungs and Kidneys
What do the lungs do?
regulate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and respond quickly to pH changes
What do the kidneys do?
maintain the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood; takes longers
What helps if there is a respiratory cause of pH imbalance?
kidneys try to correct
What helps if there is a metabolic cause of pH?
respiratory tries to correct
