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GEOG 272 FINAL > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

1
Q

Hurricane

A
  • intense, small, circular cyclone
  • forms over warm ocean
  • moist air rises in storm
  • adiabatic cooling
  • rain is created
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2
Q

Tornado

A
  • small intense cyclones
  • descend from cumulonimbus cloud to ground
  • very low pressure center, very high wind speed
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3
Q

Supercell

A
  • long lived organized thunderstorm

- maintained by strong rotating updraft

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4
Q

Supercell cloud

A

-parent cumulonimbus cloud

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5
Q

Mesocyclone

A

-rotating updraft in supercell cloud

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6
Q

Funnel Cloud

A

Rotating Funnel -shaped extending down from base of supercell cloud

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7
Q

Tornado

A

-funnel cloud that touches ground surface

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8
Q

Common Tornado Season

A

-spring and summer

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9
Q

Transpiration

A
  • evaporation of water -at surface of cells in leaves
  • loss of water vapour through stomata
  • water that evaporates from the leaves draws water from the roots
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10
Q

Transpiration Rate

A

-requires water, energy, humidity gradient, and unsaturated atmosphere

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11
Q

Transpiration and Temperature

A
  • increased!

- evaporation and diffusion go faster

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12
Q

Transpiration and Humidity

A
  • decreased

- diffusion out of leaf slows because air surrounding is moist

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13
Q

Transpiration and Wind Speed

A
  • increased!

- wind removes water vapour, increasing diffusion rate

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14
Q

Transpiration and Light Intensity

A
  • increased!

- stomata opens wider

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15
Q

Potential Evapotranspiration

A
  • amount of water that would evaporate and transpire under unlimited soil moisture conditions
  • maximum capacity
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16
Q

Actual evapotrasnpiration

A
  • amount of water transformed into water vapour and released into the atmosphere through evapotranspiration
  • water use
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17
Q

AET = PET means…

A

-constant and sufficient water supply

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18
Q

AET

A
  • not enough available water

- produces deficit

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19
Q

Precipitation > and < PET

A
  • surplus if >

- deficit if

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20
Q

Water Cycle: Input & Output

A
  • precipitation is input

- evapotranspiration is output

21
Q

Water Cycle: Storage

A

-atmosphere, oceans, surface water, soil water, groundwater

22
Q

Water Cycle: Transfers

A

-currents, runoffs, streams, infiltration, percolation

23
Q

Interception Storage Capacity

A

-max amount of rain that can be held by vegetation at any time

24
Q

Interception loss

A

-water that is evaporated during the storage time

25
Q

throughfall

A

-precipitation reaching the ground surface directly

26
Q

Groundwater

A
  • water which occupies the saturation zone (23% of global freshwater)
  • upper surface of this zone is the water table
  • above that is the zone of aeration (unsaturated zone)
27
Q

Groundwater and Streamflow: Effluent Conditions

A

-water table is higher than the stream channel

28
Q

Groundwater : Influent COnditions

A

-water table is lower than stream channel

29
Q

hydrology

A

-science of water at and below Earth’s surface

30
Q

fluvial (river) systems: Driving forces

A

-gravity and insolation

31
Q

Gradient of a Stream

A

-drop in elevation per unit distance

32
Q

Steep gradient means the stream velocity is…

A

higher

33
Q

Base Level (Stream)

A

-level below which a stream cannot erode its valley

34
Q

Q(Runoff) is..

A

the streamflow volume passing a point in a given unit of time

35
Q

Hydrograph

A

-graph of stream discharge over time for a specific location

36
Q

Base Flow

A

-regular dry weather discharge

37
Q

Stream Stage

A

-height of water surface above an established altitude where the stage is zero

38
Q

Discharge increase means..

A

-stream width, depth and velocity increase

39
Q

Discharge increase happens because

A

-the distance downstream increases or

due to a rainstorm

40
Q

storm hydrograph

A
  • graph of the change in discharge due to a specific storm

- varies with intensity of the storm and nature of catchment area

41
Q

Lakes

A

-bodies of water that occupy depressions in land surface

42
Q

Natural and Anthroprogenic processes affect water ways by..

A
  • create depressions to form lake

- obstruct flow of streams

43
Q

Lake Inflow

A
  • precipitation
  • overland flow
  • interflow
  • seepage from groundwater
  • inlet streams
44
Q

Lake Outflow

A
  • evaporation
  • lake bed drainage
  • outlet streams
45
Q

Lakes disappear due to

A
  • drainage of lake water (outlet channels)
  • excessive evaporation
  • accumulation of sediments from inlet streams and overland flow
46
Q

Limnology

A

study of physical, chemical, biological, and geological characteristics of inland water

47
Q

Oceanography

A

-study of phys, chem, bio, and geological characteristics of oceans

48
Q

Ocean Physical Structure

A
  • mixing zone (2%)
  • thermocline (18%)
  • deep ocean cold zone (80%)

GEOG 272 FINAL (12 decks)

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