Earth's Energy

Question 1

Ozone in Stratosphere (CFC)

Answer 1

Chlorofluorocarbons + Ultra Violet -> Chlorine

• from fridges, propellants
• 1 molecule Cl destroys thousands of Ozone

Question 2

Natural Pollutants

Answer 2

• volcanoes
• plants (decaying and alive)
• forest fires
• ocean
• soil

Question 3

Anthropogenic Pollutants

Answer 3

• vehicle emissions (CO, carbon monoxide)

- fertilizers (nitrogen oxides)

Question 4

Atmosphere and Energy: what it removes and how

Answer 4

• breaks incoming shortwave electromagnetic radiation

- removes through absorption and scattering by gases, water vapor and aerosols

Question 5

Reflection

Answer 5

-portion of arriving radiation which bounces right back from Earth to space

Question 6

albedo

Answer 6

-ratio of reflected solar radiation to the incident solar radiation

Question 7

Earth’s average albedo

Answer 7

around 30%

Question 8

scattering

Answer 8

atmospheric gases, dust, clouds, and water vapor change the direction of waves without altering the wavelength

Question 9

Transmission

Answer 9

-passage of short and long wave energy THROUGH atmosphere/water

Question 10

Absorption

Answer 10

-the assimilation of short and long waves

Question 11

Greenhouse gases (examples and effects)

Answer 11

• Carbon Dioxide , Nitrous oxide, water vapor, methane

- trap heat from escaping

Question 12

Clouds and Waves

Answer 12

• SW are reflected and scattered

- LW are absorbed and re-radiated

Question 13

heat

Answer 13

form of kinetic energy between molecules due to temperature difference

Question 14

sensible heat

Answer 14

can be felt

Question 15

latent heat

Answer 15

results from phase changes

Question 16

convection

Answer 16

energy transffered through movement of molecules

Question 17

radiation

Answer 17

energy transferred through electromagnetic waves

Question 18

conduction

Answer 18

energy that moves from molecule to molecule

Question 19

convection and advection (directionally)

Answer 19

• vertically

- horizontally

Question 20

Eo equation involving So and amount of energy hitting sphere

Answer 20

So/4

Question 21

Albedo: Angle, surface, texture

Answer 21

• less angle, higher albedo
• lighter, higher albedo
• smoother, higher albedo

Question 22

blackbody

Answer 22

perfectly absorbs all received energy and radiates all

Question 23

Stefan Boltzman E equation

Answer 23

E= sigma T^4

Question 24

Emissivity

Answer 24

ratio of energy radiated from surface, to that of a perfect emitter (blackbody) at same conditions

Question 25

whitebody and blackbody emissivity

Answer 25

whitebody: 0
blackbody: 1

Question 26

Outgoing thermal energy, including emissivity

Answer 26

E = epsilon*sigma T^4