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GEOG 272 FINAL > Moisture > Flashcards

Moisture Flashcards

1
Q

Air Mass

A
  • pool of air, same humidity and temperature

- 1000 km^2

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2
Q

How are air masses classified?

A

by temperature and humidity at source region

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3
Q

Atmospheric River

A
  • 400-600 km wide, 1000 km long
  • band of wind transporting moisture
  • 30-50% of annual precipitation
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4
Q

Sea Breeze

A
  • day
  • cool ocean breeze, high pressure
  • flows onto warm land (low pressure)
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5
Q

Land Breeze

A
  • night
  • cool land breeze in high pressure area
  • flows over to warm, low pressure ocean
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6
Q

Air humidity

A
  • amount of water vapour in the air
  • determines rate of condensation, cloud formation, and precipitation
  • depends on temperature
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7
Q

Vapour Pressure

A

-share of air pressure made up by water vapour molecules at given T

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8
Q

Saturation

A
  • evaporation rate = condensation rate

- air is in equilibrium with liquid

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9
Q

Saturated Vapour Pressure

A
  • saturated air’s state
  • depends directly on T
  • 10 degree increase doubles SVP
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10
Q

Warm Tropical air SVP

A
  • lots of water vapour, releases latent heat

- powers the tropical storms

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11
Q

Cold Polar SVP

A
  • transfers less moisture

- polar deserts created

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12
Q

Mixing Ratio

A

mass of water vapour per unit mass of dry air

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13
Q

specific humidity

A

mass of water vapour per unit mass of moist air

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14
Q

Max specific humidity means..

A

max water vapour per unit air mass

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15
Q

Relative humidity =

A

amount water vapour in air/max possible at given T *100

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16
Q

Dew Point

A

-temperature for air mass to become saturated

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17
Q

Condenstation Causes

A
  • addition of water vapour in the air

- cooling of air

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18
Q

Diabatic

A

physical exchange of heat

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19
Q

Adiabatic

A

no physical exchange of heat

20
Q

air stability

A

-temperature difference between inside air parcel and air surrounding parcel

21
Q

Atmospheric Stability

A

-tendency of an air parcel to remain in place / change positions

22
Q

Stable Atmosphere

A

-air resists upward displacement

23
Q

Unstable Atmosphere

A

-air continues to rise until it reaches it’s own temperature and humidity conditions

24
Q

Rising air causes

A

clouds and precipitation

25
Q

Warm air, Cool Air stability

A

warm air is unstable

cool air is stable

26
Q

Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate, Wet Rate, and Environmental Rate

A

10 degree/km
6 degree/km
12 degree/km

27
Q

Cloud Formation (simple steps)

A
  • cooling -> air rises
  • cools to dew point
  • saturates
  • condensation occurs
28
Q

Cloud (buildup)

A

buildup of moisture droplets and ice crystals

29
Q

Cloud Condensation Nuclei

A
  • 10^-4 mm

- comes from volcanoes, ocean, forest fires, dust, clay and silt, combustion products

30
Q

Cloud drop size vs. Rain drop size

A
  • cloud drop 0.001 mm - 0.2 mm

- rain drop 0.4 mm to 4 mm

31
Q

Drop Growth : Collision

A
  • droplet T> 0 degrees C

- fall, collide, and coalesce

32
Q

Drop Growth: Ice Crystal Growth

A
  • T <0 degrees C for ice and drops
  • water around drops, vapour pressure gradient towards ice
  • net flow, accretion
33
Q

Clouds: Low

A
  • stratus, cumulus
  • cool atmosphere allows low formation
  • condensation and precipitation
34
Q

Cloud: Vertical

A
  • cumulus and cumulonimbus
  • high moisture content
  • possible precipitation
35
Q

Stratocumulus Cloud

A
  • warm atmosphere limits condensation

- clear weather

36
Q

Cloud: Upper

A
  • cirrus
  • scarcity of moisture
  • limits condensation
37
Q

Fog (General)

A

Cloud layer on the ground, when Tdew = Tair

38
Q

Fog: Radiation

A
  • radiational cooling

- calm clear nights

39
Q

Fog: Advection

A

-warm air passes over cool surfaces

40
Q

Fog:Steam

A

cool air passes over warm water

41
Q

Fog: Orographic

A

air is forced over physical barrier

42
Q

Fog: Frontal

A

lifting associated with fronts

43
Q

Inversion (general)

A

-warm air over cold surface

44
Q

Inversion: Radiation

A

-occurs when evening air is still and no clouds are available to trap heat

45
Q

Inversion: Sea Breeze

A

-windward coasts by cold ocean currents

46
Q

Inversion: Subsidence

A

Subsiding air undergoes adiabatic heating aloft, air in contact with surface stays cooler

GEOG 272 FINAL (12 decks)

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