Circulation

Question 1

Monsoonal Circulation: Winter and Summer

Answer 1

• winter: cool, dry, North to South

- summer: wet, humid, South to North

Question 2

Surface winds: Direction near equator

Answer 2

-East to West

Question 3

Surface winds: Direction in Mid-lattitude

Answer 3

-West to East

Question 4

Surface winds: Direction in High-latitude

Answer 4

-East to West

Question 5

Surface currents help with..

Answer 5

pole ward heat transfer

Question 6

Main force for Surface Currents

Answer 6

frictional drag

Question 7

Oceans currents don’t move same as wind because..

Answer 7

combination of friction force and Coriolis force

Question 8

5 Subtropical Gyres creates by…

Answer 8

wind, gravity, Coriolis force and continents

Question 9

Ekman Trasnfer

Answer 9

• rotating column of water
• forms when water moves at an angle to wind direction (due to Coriolis force)
• movement at right angle to wind direction (NH)

Question 10

Equatorial Upwelling

Answer 10

• trade winds blow away warm surface water

- cool water below upwells and takes place

Question 11

Coastal Upwelling

Answer 11

-southward surface winds along coast bring up cold water

Question 12

Tidal Movement

Answer 12

• horizontally, creates currents

- gravity of moon pulls water

Question 13

Full Moon/New Phase on Tides:

Answer 13

strongest current

-“spring currents”

Question 14

First Quarter/Third Quarter Moon on Tides

Answer 14

• weakest currents

- “neap currents”

Question 15

Perigean Currents

Answer 15

• Earth and Moon closest together

- strong currents

Question 16

Apogean Currents

Answer 16

• Earth and Moon furthest together

- weakest currents

Question 17

Thermohaline Currents

Answer 17

• salt in seawater put back upon freezing
• increases density of ocean
• cools, and drives downwelling (SINKS)

Question 18

Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift

Answer 18

• warm water flows north (evaporates and cools)

- then sinks in Labrador and Greenland Seas

Question 19

Upwelling Cycle

Answer 19

~ 1 000 years at least

Question 20

Thermohaline Current: Full process

Answer 20

• starts at surface in North Atlantic
• surface water replaces downwelling water
• travels south down to Antarctica where is cool and sinks again
• splits, one North to Indian ocean one to west Pacific
• two branches warm and rise, the loop heads south west
• warmed and continues to circulate until it reaches the North Atlantic once again