Water Flashcards
Humans consume an average of __ to __ lbs of water per day
3 to 5 lbs per day
The ocean contains nearly ______ % of all our water
97%
The _____ powers the hydrological cycle
sun
What is thermal stratification
the change in temperature of water at different depths in a body of water. it occurs because colder water is more dense.
name the three sections of thermal stratification from top to bottom
epilimnion -upper layer
thermocline
hypolimnion - lower layer
in winter what layers exist in thermal stratification?
ice exists above the water layer
name the three ages of lakes
oligotrophic - young
mesotrophic - middle
eutrophic - old or mature lake
a lake is considered “dead” when it has been depleted of _________
oxygen
why are plants important to a lake?
because they provide oxygen
What is eutrophication
a lake condition of algal blooms due to over enrichment of nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates.
can be natural or manmade
if left untreated manmade eutrophication can result in a ______ lake because the algae depletes the ______
dead
oxygen
What chemical can be used to control algae
copper sulfate CuSO4 can be used but in limited concentrations so it doesn’t kill fish and other aquatic life
what two chemicals can be used to prevent evaporation from lakes
hexadecanol and octadecanol
they are non toxic
so why don’t we convert ocean water into drinking water?
because it’s too costly due to the high salinity and minerals in the water
what are some types of surface waters
spring
pond
swamp
stream
what is an aquifer?
an underground layer of water with permeable rock or other materials through which a well can be drilled
what is the water table
the area of the start of the zone of saturation
What three things should be considered in the construction of the well
expensive
depth of water table
type of construction
why do higher water tables have less potable water?
because the water did not have enough time to naturally filtrate through the soil
What are the 3 types of wells
case driven well
bored well
dug well
case driven well
best quality
bottom of casing is perforated to allow water in
used with a submergible pump that is lowered into the water source
bored well
an auger is used to drill into the earth
dug well
manual dug by man or machine. lined with concrete, bricks, tile or clay pipes.
not deep
what is a rainwater cistern
a tank with a simple filter of sand/gravel to filter rain water.
used for non drinking purposes