Radiation

Question 1

Describe an atom

Answer 1

nucleus core with protons and neutrons. negatively charged electrons which orbit the nucleus

Question 2

______ energy is the energy necessary to keep electrons in orbit around the nucleus

Answer 2

binding energy

Question 3

___________ radiation can be natural and man made and occurs from energy that is emitted from an atom.

Answer 3

ionizing

Question 4

__________radiation is electromagnetic energy which does not have enough energy to break apart atoms. e.g. are microwaves, radiowaves, infrared, UV and visible light

Answer 4

non-ionizing

Question 5

what is an isotope

Answer 5

atoms of the same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 6

what is a nuclide

Answer 6

when several isotopes of the same element exist

Question 7

radionuclide/radioisotopes are (stable/unstable)

Answer 7

unstable

Question 8

ionizing radiation acts upon matter which absorbs them and pairs of _____________ are formed

Answer 8

ions (electrically charged fragments)

Question 9

alpha particle

Answer 9

two protons, two neutrons
very stable, high energy
will not penetrate skin, but dangerous if inhaled/ingested
paper will block them

e.g. radon gas

Question 10

beta particles

Answer 10

emitted electrons
they penetrate more than alpha particles
protective clothing and good hygiene will protect
dangerous if ingested

Question 11

gamma rays

Answer 11

originate in the atomic nucleus
may be lethal
require full protection
electromagnetic
short wavelength high energy

Question 12

x-rays

Answer 12

very short wavelength

highly penetrating

Question 13

what are the 5 units used to measure radiation

Answer 13

Roentgen (R) /Coulomb/kg (C/kg) - unit of exposure or intensity

Radiation absorbed dose (RAD) / Gray (Gy) - unit of radiation absorbed

Roentgen Equavlent Man (rem) / seivert (Sv) - unit of dose equivalent or occupation exposure

Curie (Ci) / Becquerel (Bq) - unit of radioactivity

Electron volt (eV) - energy of an x - ray

Question 14

exposure distance:

doubling the distance from a radiation source decreases the exposure to ____% of the original amount

Answer 14

25%

Question 15

___ REM is the maximum amount of radiation to the whole body one can receive a year

Answer 15

5 REM

Question 16

doses of _______ REM may be lethal to man

Answer 16

350-400 REM

Question 17

what is the most common route of entry of radiation

Answer 17

inhalation

Question 18

what are the two types of damage from radiation

Answer 18

somatic - induced diseases - cancer, leukemia, skin, bone etc.
genetic - mutations passed to offspring

Question 19

what are some devices used to monitor radiation (name 3)

Answer 19

pocket dosimeter (can be read while wearing)
pocket chamber (requires separate device to read)
film badge (takes a while to get readings)

Question 20

name 5 types of radionuclides

Answer 20

Cesium 137
Carbon 14
Iodine 131
Strontium 89
Strontium 90

Question 21

minimum acceptable level of radon in a single family home is ________

Answer 21

4 pCi/l

Question 22

alpha tract detectors are used to test for __________

Answer 22

radon

Question 23

which is the more dangerous types of radiation

Answer 23

ionizing radiation

Question 24

a magnetron produces what type of non-ionizing radiation

Answer 24

microwaves

Question 25

a "power density meter" tests for what?

Answer 25

microwave leakage

Question 26

which of the following have little penetrating power and are normally a hazard to health only in the form of internal radiation received through ingestion, inhalation or open wounds x rays alpha particles beta particles gamma rays

Answer 26

alpha rays

Question 27

beta radiation is most commonly blocked by which one of the following materials lead concrete magnesium alloy glass or plastic

Answer 27

glass or plastic

Question 28

microwaves are reflected by metals plastic glass polymers

Answer 28

metals

Question 29

the energy of ionizing radiation is measured in

Answer 29

eV

Question 30

the shorter the wavelength the higher the frequency, lower the energy lower the frequency and energy lower the frequency and higher the energy higher the frequency and energy

Answer 30

higher the frequency and energy

Question 31

the roentgen is a measure of ionization in the air produced by exposure to xrays or gamma rays alpha particles beta particles all of the above

Answer 31

x rays or gamma rays

Question 32

the absorption of how many ergs (energy per gram) of air represents one roentgen? 150 100 86 50

Answer 32

about 86

Question 33

which term is used to show the exposure of large populations to low level radiation person-rem gamma-rem radiation-rem quantum-rem

Answer 33

person-rem

Question 34

the rate at which atoms of radioactive sources (radionuclides) disintegrate are measured in rems rods curies roentgens

Answer 34

curies

Question 35

isotopes of the same element have (same/different) atomic numbers (same/different) mass number

Answer 35

same atomic number | different mass number