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REHS Study > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

Describe an atom

A

nucleus core with protons and neutrons. negatively charged electrons which orbit the nucleus

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2
Q

______ energy is the energy necessary to keep electrons in orbit around the nucleus

A

binding energy

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3
Q

___________ radiation can be natural and man made and occurs from energy that is emitted from an atom.

A

ionizing

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4
Q

__________radiation is electromagnetic energy which does not have enough energy to break apart atoms. e.g. are microwaves, radiowaves, infrared, UV and visible light

A

non-ionizing

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5
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms of the same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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6
Q

what is a nuclide

A

when several isotopes of the same element exist

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7
Q

radionuclide/radioisotopes are (stable/unstable)

A

unstable

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8
Q

ionizing radiation acts upon matter which absorbs them and pairs of _____________ are formed

A

ions (electrically charged fragments)

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9
Q

alpha particle

A

two protons, two neutrons
very stable, high energy
will not penetrate skin, but dangerous if inhaled/ingested
paper will block them

e.g. radon gas

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10
Q

beta particles

A

emitted electrons
they penetrate more than alpha particles
protective clothing and good hygiene will protect
dangerous if ingested

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11
Q

gamma rays

A 
originate in the atomic nucleus
may be lethal
require full protection
electromagnetic
short wavelength high energy
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12
Q

x-rays

A

very short wavelength

highly penetrating

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13
Q

what are the 5 units used to measure radiation

A

Roentgen (R) /Coulomb/kg (C/kg) - unit of exposure or intensity

Radiation absorbed dose (RAD) / Gray (Gy) - unit of radiation absorbed

Roentgen Equavlent Man (rem) / seivert (Sv) - unit of dose equivalent or occupation exposure

Curie (Ci) / Becquerel (Bq) - unit of radioactivity

Electron volt (eV) - energy of an x - ray

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14
Q

exposure distance:

doubling the distance from a radiation source decreases the exposure to ____% of the original amount

A

25%

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15
Q

___ REM is the maximum amount of radiation to the whole body one can receive a year

A

5 REM

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16
Q

doses of _______ REM may be lethal to man

A

350-400 REM

17
Q

what is the most common route of entry of radiation

A

inhalation

18
Q

what are the two types of damage from radiation

A

somatic - induced diseases - cancer, leukemia, skin, bone etc.
genetic - mutations passed to offspring

19
Q

what are some devices used to monitor radiation (name 3)

A 
pocket dosimeter (can be read while wearing)
pocket chamber (requires separate device to read)
film badge (takes a while to get readings)
20
Q

name 5 types of radionuclides

A 
Cesium 137
Carbon 14
Iodine 131
Strontium 89
Strontium 90
21
Q

minimum acceptable level of radon in a single family home is ________

A

4 pCi/l

22
Q

alpha tract detectors are used to test for __________

A

radon

23
Q

which is the more dangerous types of radiation

A

ionizing radiation

24
Q

a magnetron produces what type of non-ionizing radiation

A

microwaves

25
Q

a “power density meter” tests for what?

A

microwave leakage

26
Q

which of the following have little penetrating power and are normally a hazard to health only in the form of internal radiation received through ingestion, inhalation or open wounds

x rays
alpha particles
beta particles
gamma rays

A

alpha rays

27
Q

beta radiation is most commonly blocked by which one of the following materials

lead
concrete
magnesium alloy
glass or plastic

A

glass or plastic

28
Q

microwaves are reflected by

metals
plastic
glass
polymers

A

metals

29
Q

the energy of ionizing radiation is measured in

A

eV

30
Q

the shorter the wavelength the

higher the frequency, lower the energy
lower the frequency and energy
lower the frequency and higher the energy
higher the frequency and energy

A

higher the frequency and energy

31
Q

the roentgen is a measure of ionization in the air produced by exposure to

xrays or gamma rays
alpha particles
beta particles
all of the above

A

x rays or gamma rays

32
Q

the absorption of how many ergs (energy per gram) of air represents one roentgen?

150
100
86
50

A

about 86

33
Q

which term is used to show the exposure of large populations to low level radiation

person-rem
gamma-rem
radiation-rem
quantum-rem

A

person-rem

34
Q

the rate at which atoms of radioactive sources (radionuclides) disintegrate are measured in

rems
rods
curies
roentgens

A

curies

35
Q

isotopes of the same element have

(same/different) atomic numbers
(same/different) mass number

A

same atomic number

different mass number

REHS Study (20 decks)

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