Hazmat, Toxicology Flashcards
Hazardous materials/wastes have one or more of the following four characteristics
TRIC Toxicity Reactivity Ignitability Corrosivity
WHat does RCRA stand for? What is it?
resource conservation and recovery act
federal guidelines used to classify hw
most hw are considered RCRA hw because (list the four bullets)
the waste is listed in RCRA
the waste exhibits one of the characteristics
the combination of a solid and hw
it cannot be excluded from the RCRA category
What information does an MSDS/SDS include about a product
chemical properties
methods of clean up
emergency procedures
first aid
what is an EPA id number used for
a registration number that hazardous waste generators must have
What is a manifest
a multiple copy document that must accompany hazardous waste shipments
what 5 items must be listed on an HW manifest
quantity and type of packaging proper shipping name hazard class four digit ID number total weight of materials
What does the term “cradle to grave” mean
the person/company generating the waste is responsible for it’s proper and legal disposal
What is a bill of lading and how is it different from a manifest
bill of lading is required for any hazmat during transportation. it’s a shipping document.
the manifest is a specific document required for hw
What agency regulates transportation of hm and hw
DOT department of transportation
bill of lading is sometimes referred to as what in these other shipping industries
truck
rail
air
sea
freight bill - truck
waybill - rail
cargo manifest - air
dangerous cargo manifest - water
placard identification is based on what four things
color
symbol
description of product
hazard class or ID number
what do the following colors/backgrounds represent on a placard
orange red green yellow blue white white w/ vertical stripes white over black
orange - explosives/blasting agents red - flammable/combustible green - non flammable/highly pressurized yellow - reactive blue - violently reacts with water white - poison white w/ vertical stripes - flammable solid white over black - corrosive
What are two color placards used for
for a material that has two major hazard characteristics
what do the following symbols mean on a placard
bursting ball flame cylinder slash W skull cross bones circle with flame test tube, a hand, or metal propeller
bursting ball - explosives flame - flammable/combustible cylinder - non flammable slash W - violently reacts with water skull/cross bones - poison circle w/ flame - oxidizing material test tube, a hand or metal - corrosive propeller - radioactive
What are some common descriptions used on placards
radioactive dangerous fuel oil combustible chlorine flammable gas corrosive blasting agent explosive
etc.
define the 9 hazard classes for DOT placarding
1 - explosives 2 - gases 3 - flammable liquids 4 - flammable solids 5 - oxidizers or organic peroxides 6 - poisonous or etiological materials 7 - radioactive 8 - corrosives 9 - miscellaneous hm
What are the four edges of a NFPA hazmat placard and where are these usually found
usually on exteriors of buildings that store materials
NFPA = national fire protection association
from the left clockwise A - health hazard B - fire hazard C - reactivity D - specific hazard
What does 0-4 indicate on the health hazard portion of the NFPA placard
0 normal 1 slightly hazardous 2 hazardous 3 extremely hazardous 4 deadly
what does 0-4 indicate on the fire hazard portion of the NFPA placard
0 will not burn 1 above 200F 2 below 200F 3 below 100F 4 below 73F
what does 0-4 indicate on the reactivity hazard portion of the NFPA placard
0 stable 1 unstable 2 violent chemical reaction 3 shock or heat may detonate 4 may detonate
What specifications would be listed in the specific hazard section of the NFPA placard
oxidize acid alkali water reactive corrosive radioactive
buildings and structures will have _____ placards while transportation trucks and shipping containers will have _____ placards
NFPA
DOT
containers less than _______ cubic feet must be marked with ____ inch labels
containers more than _______cubic feet must be marked with placards that are _______ inches
less than 640 4’’ labels
more than 640 10.75 ‘’ placards
what is the standard liquid container size
42 gallon drum
What are the safety perimeters for a hazmat incident (state the 4 zones)
after determining the wind direction then the zones can be identified.
isolation zone - immediate area of incident
hot zone/exclusionary zone - usually at least 1500 sq ft
warm zone/secondary zone/contamination reduction zone - works get decontaminated here after leaving the hot zone
cold zone - reasonable safe to conduct command post operations
What is an emergency contingency plan
procedures to be taken for businesses that store hm and hw
acids form ______ while bases form ______
acids hydronium ions (H+)
bases hydroxide ions (OH-)
RCRA defines a corrosive as an aqueous solutions w/ a pH less than ___ or greater than ___
or a solid that exhibits corrosive characteristics
less than 2
greater than 12.5
why do we no longer dilute corrosive liquid spills?
because it requires way too much water and the waste still needs to be contained
What is neutralization
a chemical reaction
H+ + OH- = H20 + salt + heat
exothermic (heat producing rxn)
can be used for spill clean up
What is stoichiometry
the chemistry science that deals with the quantities of substances that are necessary for, and produced by, chemical reactions
reactions are dependent upon the concentration of the substances, their molecular weights etc.
What is solubility how is it measured
ability or tendency for one substance to blend uniformly with another.
can vary from 0 to 100%
insoluble substances can be physically blended together for a short period of time but will eventually separate. e.g. oil and water.
What is specific gravity
ratio of a substance’s density to the density of water
> 1 sinks or is absorbed w/ water
what is vapor density? When would it be important to know this?
relative ratio of the density of a gas/vapor to the density of air.
> 1 settles at lowest point of a room
an oxygen deficient atmosphere is one with less than ______%oxygen
19%
What is vapor pressure
pressure exerted by a liquids vapor in a closed container.
expressed as mm Hg @ ___ degrees
higher vapor pressure = more volatile substance
The boiling point is the point at which the _________ = the ________________
vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure
the (higher/lower) the boiling point, the (higher/lower) the vapor pressure and therefore a greater tendency to vaporize creating a potential inhalation hazard
lower bp
higher vp
___ % concentration = _________ ppm
1% = 10,000 ppm
_____ mg/L = 1 ppm
1 mg/l = 1ppm
_____% = 1 ppb = ___ ugm/L
.001% = 1 ppb = 1 ugm/L
what are three important concepts when dealing with chemical hazards
- existence of multiple hazards
- chemical rxns
- chemical compatibility factor
What is reactivity
a substance that can explode or react in a way that can be hazardous to humans and the environment
What are 7 criteria for reactivity
- normally unstable - can undergo a violent change
- reacts dangerously with water or air
- can generate toxic gas, fumes, vapors when mixed with water
- can form explosive mixtures
- contains cyanide or sulfides
- can produce a toxic gas or vapor
- can explode when ignited at room temp
what are two types of chemical reactions. which are the most dangerous?
endothermic - removes heat source
exothermic - creates heat source (dangerous)
What are some examples of incompatible hazard groups
oxidizers w/ flammables oxidizer w/ organics acids w/ bases acids w/ cyanides acids w/ sulfides
What are some e.g. of water reactives
potassium
sodium
lithium metals
calcium carbide
metals + acids = _____________
hydrogen gas