Water

Question 1

What % of body weight is made up of water?

Answer 1

~55% of body weight

Question 2

Where is most water found in the body?

Answer 2

In the muscle, which contains 73% water

Question 3

What is the difference between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

Intracellular fluid is fluid within the cells and extra is outside the cells

Question 4

What are electrolytes and what do they do?

Answer 4

They are charged particles (ions) that conduct electric current. They maintain fluid balance.

Question 5

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 5

It’s when the amount of solute molecules (such as water) is greater inside the cell than outside. When this happens, water flows into the cell causing it to swell.

Question 6

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 6

It’s when the amount of solute molecules (such as water) is greater outside the cell than inside. This causes water to flow out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 7

What is the influence of electrolytes on water movement?

Answer 7

Water attaches to electrolytes and moves via osmosis

Question 8

What are the major cations and anions for intracellular fluid?

Answer 8

Cations: Postassium and magnesion. Anions: Phosphate and sulfate

Question 9

What are the major cations and anions for extracellular fluid?

Answer 9

Cations: Sodium and calcium. Anions: Chloride and bicarbonate

Question 10

How does the sodium-potassium pump work to keep water balance?

Answer 10

It “trades” potassium and sodium across the extracelullar membrane and the cytoplasm. This keeps the net charge zero.

Question 11

What are functions of water in the body?

Answer 11

It regulates body temperature and helps with waste removal via urine. It also helps with nutrient transportation and blood volume.

Question 12

What determines urine output?

Answer 12

Consumption of fluids, protein, and sodium

Question 13

What is the AI for total water in men and women? How much of this comes from actual fluids alone?

Answer 13

15 cups for adult men and 11 cups for adult women; 13 cup men, 9 cups women

Question 14

What hormones regular water balance?

Answer 14

The kidneys relaease antidiuretic hormone (ADH) when osmotic pressure increases, and renin when blood pressure falls

Question 15

What stimulates water retention? How?

Answer 15

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) signals kidneys to retain water

Question 16

What stimulates sodium retention? How?

Answer 16

Renin; renin activates angiotensin. This causes constriction of blood vessels and release of aldosterone. This in turn causes the kidneys to retain sodium.

Question 17

What is the term for low blood electrolyte concentrations?

Answer 17

Hyponatremia