Ch. 4: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Why is it important to regularly consume carbohydrates?
Because it can run out in our body in about 18 hours if not consumed, which will lead the body using alternative fuel sources such as protein, which is bad.
What are the main components needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy
How are carbohydrates created?
Through photosynthesis seen in plants
What is the main fuel source for our body cells?
Carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugar unites that serve as the basic unit of all carbohydrate structures
What are the three major types of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
What are disaccharides?
Molecules formed when two monosaccharides combine.
What are the three major types of disaccharides?
Sucrose, lactose, and maltose
What are polysaccarides?
Complex carbohydrates whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
What are some examples of polysaccarides?
Starch, glycogen, and fiber
What is the storage form of glucose?
Glycogen
Where is glycogen often found in the body?
In the liver and muscles
What makes fiber different from other forms of carbohydrates?
The chemical bonds that holds it together cannot be digested.
The monosaccarides fructose and galactose are converted into _________ when delivered to the liver.
Glucose
What does soluable fiber do?
It reduces glucose and cholesterol absorption and promotes satiety
What does insoluable fibers do?
It goes through the GI tract intact and adds bulk to the feces
What foods tend to have the most carbohydrates?
Plant-based foods
What foods tend to have the most soluable fibers?
Fruits, berries, and stabilizers such as jams
Why is whole wheat products more often recommended by nutritionists?
They contain more vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants than refined grains
What are some alternative sweeteners that are approved for use in food?
Sucralose, stevia, and aspartame
What is the most common nutritive sweetener?
Sugars
What are some enzymes that help with carboydrate digestion?
Maltase, lactase, sucrase, etc.
What are some ways lactose intolerant people can drink milk without symptoms?
Drinking lactose-free milk or combining lactose foods with other foods
What makes some people lactose intolerant?
They don’t produce as much of the enzyme lactase.
What happens when the liver notices that there is too much glucose?
The pancreas releases the hormone insulin which takes care of it
What happens when the liver notices that theire is too little glucose?
The pancreas releases the hormone glucagon, which takes care of it
How is fiber beneficial to us?
It helps control weight and reduces the risk of devloping obesity.
What is the recommended intake for total carbohydrates per day?
130 g per day for adults
What is the recommended amount of fiber each day for men and women?
25 g/day for women and 38 g/day for men
What is the link between sugar and oral health?
Sugar decays teeth
What is diabetes?
A health condition in which blood glucose is too high.
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 happens when there is not enough insulin being produced. Type 2 is when certain body tissues become insulin resistant.
What things can you do to help treat diabetes?
Regular physical activity and a balanced meal plan that emphasizes fiber and limits added sugars/saturated fats
