Ch. 4: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Why is it important to regularly consume carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Because it can run out in our body in about 18 hours if not consumed, which will lead the body using alternative fuel sources such as protein, which is bad.

Question 2

What are the main components needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy

Question 3

How are carbohydrates created?

Answer 3

Through photosynthesis seen in plants

Question 4

What is the main fuel source for our body cells?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 5

Simple sugar unites that serve as the basic unit of all carbohydrate structures

Question 6

What are the three major types of monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 7

What are disaccharides?

Answer 7

Molecules formed when two monosaccharides combine.

Question 8

What are the three major types of disaccharides?

Answer 8

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 9

What are polysaccarides?

Answer 9

Complex carbohydrates whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Question 10

What are some examples of polysaccarides?

Answer 10

Starch, glycogen, and fiber

Question 11

What is the storage form of glucose?

Answer 11

Glycogen

Question 12

Where is glycogen often found in the body?

Answer 12

In the liver and muscles

Question 13

What makes fiber different from other forms of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

The chemical bonds that holds it together cannot be digested.

Question 14

The monosaccarides fructose and galactose are converted into _________ when delivered to the liver.

Answer 14

Glucose

Question 15

What does soluable fiber do?

Answer 15

It reduces glucose and cholesterol absorption and promotes satiety

Question 16

What does insoluable fibers do?

Answer 16

It goes through the GI tract intact and adds bulk to the feces

Question 17

What foods tend to have the most carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Plant-based foods

Question 18

What foods tend to have the most soluable fibers?

Answer 18

Fruits, berries, and stabilizers such as jams

Question 19

Why is whole wheat products more often recommended by nutritionists?

Answer 19

They contain more vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants than refined grains

Question 20

What are some alternative sweeteners that are approved for use in food?

Answer 20

Sucralose, stevia, and aspartame

Question 21

What is the most common nutritive sweetener?

Answer 21

Sugars

Question 22

What are some enzymes that help with carboydrate digestion?

Answer 22

Maltase, lactase, sucrase, etc.

Question 23

What are some ways lactose intolerant people can drink milk without symptoms?

Answer 23

Drinking lactose-free milk or combining lactose foods with other foods

Question 24

What makes some people lactose intolerant?

Answer 24

They don’t produce as much of the enzyme lactase.

Question 25

What happens when the liver notices that there is too much glucose?

Answer 25

The pancreas releases the hormone insulin which takes care of it

Question 26

What happens when the liver notices that theire is too little glucose?

Answer 26

The pancreas releases the hormone glucagon, which takes care of it

Question 27

How is fiber beneficial to us?

Answer 27

It helps control weight and reduces the risk of devloping obesity.

Question 28

What is the recommended intake for total carbohydrates per day?

Answer 28

130 g per day for adults

Question 29

What is the recommended amount of fiber each day for men and women?

Answer 29

25 g/day for women and 38 g/day for men

Question 30

What is the link between sugar and oral health?

Answer 30

Sugar decays teeth

Question 31

What is diabetes?

Answer 31

A health condition in which blood glucose is too high.

Question 32

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 32

Type 1 happens when there is not enough insulin being produced. Type 2 is when certain body tissues become insulin resistant.

Question 33

What things can you do to help treat diabetes?

Answer 33

Regular physical activity and a balanced meal plan that emphasizes fiber and limits added sugars/saturated fats