Alcohol Flashcards
What is the chemical term for alcohol?
Ethanol (“Ethyl alcohol”, “drinking alcohol”)
What is the caloric content of alcohol?
7 kcal/g
How much ehanol is in an alcoholic beverage?
~14g of ethanol in one serving of an alcoholic drink
How is proof determined?
By comparing the alcohol and water ratios in the drink.
How much is moderate alcohol intake?
1 standard-size drink for women per day, and 2 for men.
How much is binge drinking?
4 or more drinks for women, and 5 or more for men
How many individuals consume alcohol in North America?
65% consume alcohol. 5% excessively.
Out of all college students, how many consume alcohol?
70% consume alcohol. 45% binge drink.
What is the main disease concerning excessive alcohol intake? How does it effect the body?
Cirrhosis; it causes irreversible liver damage to to accumulation of fat in the liver. Slows down protein synthesis. This causes a wide range a bad effects to the body.
How does alcohol intake effect vitamin and mineral absorption?
It impairs absorption due to the damage seen in the liver and pancreas. (Impairs ability to make bile and secrete enzymes)
What is fermentation, and how does it work?
It’s a method of making alcoholic beverages. You combine yeast, CHO, and water, and the fermented glucose contains ethanol molecules
Describe the Dehydrogenase Pathway (ADH).
The main site of alcohol metabolism is in the liver. Two enzymes called alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase convert alcohol into fatty acids
How does gender, ethnicity, and body size effect the number of enzymes seen in the Dehydrogenase Pathway?
Women have less alcohol dehydrogenase than men, as well as less body mass. This causes them to receive more alcohol. Asians get a buildup of acetaldehyde.
What is the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) and when is it used?
It produces the same compounds as the ADH system, but requires energy to function and competes with drug metabolizing pathways. This is used when a person drinks over a moderate amount of alcohol.
At what rate do most individuals metabolize alcohol?
~1 drink/hour
