Ch. 3: The Human Body: A Nutrition Perspective

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

The basic and sturctural components of life

Question 2

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 2

Acts as the “wall” for animal cells. Regulates flow of substances in and out of the cell, and helps communicate with other cells. (“Gatekeeper”)

Question 3

What is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 3

Phospholibids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 4

What is the cytoplasm of a cell?

Answer 4

It’s the combination of fluid material and organelles within the cell.

Question 5

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 5

It’s the place where chemical processes happen. (“Environment”)

Question 6

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 6

Converts energy from nutrients into energy that cells can use. (“Power plant”)

Question 7

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 7

Stores and protects your DNA for making the substances the cell needs. (“Safe”)

Question 8

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 8

Works with RNA to synthesize proteins. Also helps with lipid synthesis, detoxifcation, and and storing calcium. (“Maze”)

Question 9

What does the golgi complex do?

Answer 9

It packages proteins and lipids for transport outside and inside of the cell. (“Mailroom”)

Question 10

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 10

They digest worn out or broken cell components. (“Trash rooms”)

Question 11

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 11

They detoxify harmful chemicals and help metabolize alcohol. (“Medicine center”)

Question 12

What is tissue?

Answer 12

When groups of similar cells work together to accomplish a specific task.

Question 13

What are all of the different types of tissue?

Answer 13

Epethelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 14

What is an organ?

Answer 14

A complex structure composed of one or multiple types of tissue.

Question 15

What is a anabolic metabolic reaction?

Answer 15

A reaction in which molecules are joined together to form new, larger products.

Question 16

What is a catabolic metabolic reaction?

Answer 16

A reaction in which larger materials are broken down into smaller molecules.

Question 17

Chemical energy in food is used to make _________ __________, which our cells can use to do work.

Answer 17

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 18

What is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 18

It facilitates the exhange of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

Question 19

When nutrients are consumed, they can go to one of two places. What are they?

Answer 19

To cells which in turn, nourish organs, or the hepatic portal circulation, a special part of the cardiovascular system that leads to the liver.

Question 20

Which nutrients are absorbed through the lymph? Why?

Answer 20

Fats, since they are too large to enter the capillaries in the cardiovascular system.

Question 21

What is the main function of the kidneys?

Answer 21

To remove waste from the body

Question 22

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Answer 22

It controls most body functions, and takes corrective action when needed.

Question 23

What is the main unit of the nervous system?

Answer 23

Neurons

Question 24

Why are sodium and potassium important for the work of the nervous system?

Answer 24

They help with the electrical impulse among the neuron.

Question 25

Which nutrient is the brain’s preferred source of energy?

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

What is the major function of the endocrine system?

Answer 26

Using hormones to perform various functions

Question 27

What are two hormones that regulate appetite?

Answer 27

Leptin and ghrelin

Question 28

What is the main purpose of the immune system?

Answer 28

To defend the body againsty infection

Question 29

What’s the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity?

Answer 29

Nonspecific immune defenses act more as a shield (such as the skin), while specific immunity attacks the invading pathogen directly.

Question 30

What are three nutrients that support the immune system?

Answer 30

Essential fatty acids, protein, and various vitamins

Question 31

What are the roles of antigens and antibodies in the immune response?

Answer 31

Antibodies attack antigens, which help further prevent illness.

Question 32

What does the mouth do for the digestive system?

Answer 32

It prepares food for transport through the body by lubricating it and breaking it down into smaller parts.

Question 33

What does the esophagus do for the digestive system?

Answer 33

It transports the food from the mouth to the stomach without impeading on breathing.

Question 34

What does the stomach do for the digestive system?

Answer 34

It converts food into chyme, as well as digesting the food a little bit.

Question 35

What does the small intestine do for the digestive system?

Answer 35

It’s where most of the digestion occurs.

Question 36

What does the large intestine do for the digestive system?

Answer 36

It finishes off whatever is left to be digested, and finishes off with releasing the feces.

Question 37

What does the rectum do for the digestive system?

Answer 37

It releases the feces out of the body.